Environmental and biological monitoring of persistent fluorinated compounds in Japan and their toxicities

Table 5 Estimated clearances of PFOA and PFOS in rats, monkeys, and humans

			Serum half-life (days)	Total clearance [ml/(day kg)]	Urinary excretion [ml/(day kg)]	Biliary excretion [ml/(day kg)]	Menstrual bleeding [ml/(day kg)]
PFOA	Wistar rats^a	Male	5.63	50.4	46.1	3.30	NA
	Wistar rats^a	Female	0.08	2233	1054	3.52	NA
	Cynomolgus monkeys^b	Male	20.9	6.0	NA	NA	NA
	Cynomolgus monkeys^b	Female	32.6	4.2	NA	NA	NA
	Japanese macaques^c	Male	5.6	37.1	15	NA	NA
	Japanese macaques^c	Female	2.7	77.0	32	NA	NA
	Humans^d		1387	0.070	0.030	1.06	0.028^g
PFOS	CR:CD rats^e	Male	>89	NA	NA	NA	NA
	Cynomolgus monkeys^f	Male	132	NA	NA	NA	NA
	Cynomolgus monkeys^f	Female	110	NA	NA	NA	NA
	Humans^d		1971	0.077	0.015	2.98	0.028^g

NA not available
^aHalf-lives, total clearance, and urinary excretion were reported by Kudo et al. [58]. Biliary excretion was estimated from a report by Vanden Heuvel et al. [64]
^bHalf-lives in an intravenous study were reported by Butenhoff et al. [60]. Total clearances were calculated based on volume distributions of 181 and 198 ml/kg for males and females, respectively
^cHalf-lives and renal clearance were reported by Kudo and Kawashima [59]. Total clearances were calculated based on a volume distribution of 300 ml/kg
^dHalf-lives in retired workers were reported by Olsen et al. [57]. Urinary and biliary excretions were reported by Harada et al. [49, 68]. Total clearance was calculated based on volume distributions of 220 ml/kg for PFOS and 140 ml/kg for PFOA [65]
^eCited from an intravenous study by Gibson and Johnson [61]
^fCited from a report by Noker and Gorman [62]
^gMenstrual serum loss was assumed to be 42 ml/month

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