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Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants by gender

From: Occupational status and self-reported low back pain by gender: a nation-wide cross-sectional study among the general population in Japan

  

Men (n = 31,443)

Women (n = 35,870)

P-valuea

Age: 65 years or older

n (%)

8802 (28.0)

11,236 (31.3)

< 0.001

Marital status: married

n (%)

22,533 (71.7)

23,558 (65.7)

< 0.001

Family size: one (i.e., living alone)

n (%)

3738 (11.9)

4079 (11.4)

0.037

Housing tenure: renters

n (%)

8434 (26.8)

9215 (25.7)

0.001

Household expendituresb

mean ± SD

14.78 ± 8.03

14.50 ± 7.91

< 0.001

Education: < 10 years of schooling

n (%)

4179 (13.3)

5319 (14.8)

< 0.001

Alcohol intake: > 4 days a week

n (%)

11,711 (37.2)

3924 (10.9)

< 0.001

Smoking status: current smokers

n (%)

10,677 (34.0)

3752 (10.5)

< 0.001

Sleep duration: < 6 h a day

n (%)

10,732 (34.1)

13,868 (38.7)

< 0.001

Chronic medical conditionsc: present

n (%)

6905 (22.0)

6,532 (18.2)

< 0.001

Self-reported LBP: present

n (%)

3670 (11.7)

5,101 (14.2)

< 0.001

Work status: not working

n (%)

8204 (26.1)

17,869 (49.8)

< 0.001

  1. LBP low back pain, SD standard deviation
  2. aP values from chi-squared test for categorical variables and t test for continuous variables
  3. bMonthly equivalent household expenditures (unit: Japanese one-thousand yen)
  4. cChronic medical conditions included hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, and cancer