Table 1 Baseline characteristics of all participants and each group
All | Short-term | Mid-term | Long-term | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 2567 | n = 1553 | n = 635 | n = 379 | ||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | P value | |
Times of physical test (times) | 3.4 (2.5) | 1.7 (0.8) | 4.8 (0.8) | 8.2 (1.2) | <0.001 |
Duration of observation (years) | 2.4 (2.5) | 0.8 (1.2) | 3.8 (1.6) | 6.4 (1.2) | <0.001 |
Age (years old) | 74.2 (8.0) | 74.4 (8.5) | 74.2 (7.2) | 73.6 (6.7) | 0.133 |
Sex | |||||
Male (people) | 434 (16.9%) | 276 (17.8%) | 95 (15.0%) | 63 (16.6%) | |
Female (people) | 2133 (83.1%) | 1277 (82.2%) | 540 (85.0%) | 316 (83.4%) | 0.275 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 140.6 (19.5) | 140.3 (19.3) | 140.7 (19.8) | 141.1 (19.9) | 0.773 |
Pulse rate (times/minute) | 78.1 (12.0) | 78.1 (12.2) | 78.0 (11.4) | 78.0 (12.0) | 0.979 |
Subscore of KCL | |||||
IADL (0–5) | 3.8 (2.8) | 3.9 (2.9) | 3.6 (2.5) | 3.3 (2.3) | <0.001 |
Oral function (0–3) | 0.8 (0.9) | 0.8 (0.9) | 0.8 (0.9) | 0.8 (0.9) | 0.308 |
Physical function (0–5) | 1.4 (1.2) | 1.5 (1.3) | 1.4 (1.2) | 1.3 (1.2) | 0.043 |
Cognitive function (0–3) | 0.7 (0.8) | 0.7 (0.8) | 0.6 (0.7) | 0.6 (0.8) | 0.159 |
Depression (0–5) | 1.1 (1.4) | 1.1 (1.4) | 1.0 (1.3) | 1.0 (1.4) | 0.057 |
Nutrition (0–2) | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.2 (0.4) | 0.017 |
Houseboundness (0–2) | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.2 (0.4) | 0.013 |
Total KCL score (0–25) | 4.9 (3.7) | 5.1 (3.8) | 4.6 (3.4) | 4.2 (3.3) | <0.001 |