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Table 2 General characteristics of all study participants and by country

From: Associations between urinary heavy metal concentrations and blood pressure in residents of Asian countries

Characteristics

All countries (n = 1899)

Bangladesh (n = 541)

Indonesia (n = 177)

Nepal (n = 690)

Vietnam (n = 491)

Sexa

Male

874 (46)

258 (48)

90 (51)

300 (43)

386 (48)

 

Female

1025 (54)

283 (52)

87 (49)

390 (57)

414 (52)

Age (years)b

37 (29–45)

35 (27–45)

41 (35–46)

35 (26–45)

39 (33–46)

BMI (kg/m2)b

21 (19–23)

20 (18–22)

22 (20–24)

22 (19–24)

20 (18–22)

Overweighta,c

224 (12)

46 (9)

34 (20)

120 (17)

24 (5)

Obesitya,d

27 (1)

3 (1)

5 (3)

17 (2)

2 (0)

SBP (mmHg)b

119 (109–131)

119 (109–130)

122 (113–136)

118 (108–131)

119 (110–131)

DBP (mmHg)b

77 (69–85)

75 (68–83)

78 (73–88)

79 (72–88)

75 (68–84)

Hypertensiona,e

383 (20)

86 (16)

43 (24)

156 (23)

81 (17)

  1. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure
  2. an (%), bmedian (internal quartile range: quartile 1–quartile 3), coverweight: 25 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2, dobesity: BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, ehypertension: SBP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg