Skip to main content

Table 2 Children’s and mothers’ food intake and BMI by maternal employment status (n=1693)

From: Relationship between maternal employment status and children’s food intake in Japan

Food group

Intake (g/1000kcal) or BMI (kg/m2)

mean, SD

P valuea

Not working (n=314)

Working

<8h (n=798)

≥8h (n=581)

Children

 BMI

17.6, 2.8

17.6, 2.8

18.2, 3.1

<0.01

 White rice

174, 76

174, 77

185, 78

0.02

 Bread

18, 14

18, 14

16, 14

0.04

 Noodles

29, 17

30, 19

30, 19

0.50

 Potatoes

16, 11

16, 11

14, 10

0.01

 Soybean products

24, 19

22, 17

21, 15

0.02

 Vegetables

102, 60

93, 57

91, 59

0.00

 Fruits

26, 25

25, 28

27, 26

0.31

 Fish and shellfish

29, 18

28, 17

28, 18

0.30

 Meats

37, 19

37, 19

35, 18

0.17

 Eggs

16, 11

16, 11

16, 11

0.40

 Dairy products

109, 78

112, 85

113, 89

0.97

 Confectioneries

49, 29

48, 26

47, 27

0.52

 Sweetened beverage

64, 70

68, 75

70, 77

0.19

Mothers

 BMI

21.8, 3.7

21.5, 2.9

21.6, 3.3

0.99

 White rice

158, 70

160, 67

159, 68

0.60

 Bread

19, 14

22, 15

20, 15

0.94

 Noodles

34, 21

35, 21

36, 25

0.69

 Potatoes

23, 18

22, 17

22, 18

0.08

 Soybean products

44, 28

37, 25

36, 26

<0.01

 Vegetables

155, 75

143, 73

140, 78

<0.01

 Fruits

32, 30

26, 25

27, 32

<0.01

 Fish and shellfish

40, 21

35, 19

34, 20

<0.01

 Meats

46, 19

46, 18

46, 20

0.93

 Eggs

24, 15

24, 14

23, 16

0.24

 Dairy products

63, 50

62, 55

65, 57

0.86

 Confectioneries

38, 23

39, 23

41, 27

0.56

 Sweetened beverage

24, 51

25, 42

28, 55

0.51

  1. BMI body mass index
  2. a Trends of association were examined using a linear regression model which assigned scores to the level of the independent variable (not working = 0, working <8hr = 1, working ≥8hr = 2)