Table 1 Environmental Health factors and the role of Environmental Health Practitioners in prevention of antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries
Environmental Health factors in the prevention of AMR | Environmental Health Practitioners’ role in reducing the spread of AMR |
|---|---|
1. Water, sanitation and hygiene - Access and consumption of safe water - Containment, treatment and disposal of human excreta and other wastewater including from health facilities - Personal hygiene such as washing hands with soap at critical times 2. Solid waste management, including disposal of unused and expired antimicrobials 3. Food hygiene and safety - Observance of antimicrobial withdrawal periods in animals - Growing vegetables on unpolluted soil | - Water sampling and analysis - Sanitary inspection of water sources - Inspection of premises including schools, markets, landing sites, and other institutions - Inspection of food, abattoirs and public eating places - Medical examination of food handlers - Health education and promotion - Surveillance - Enforcement of legislation - Research |