Table 3 Hazard ratios for the initiation of renal replacement therapy (n=60,481)

Age (per 1-year increase)

0.99

(0.95–1.03)

Women

0.20

(0.05–0.72)

BMI (per 1 kg/m²)

0.95

(0.88–1.03)

eGFR (per 1-ml/min/1.73 m²)

0.81

(0.78–0.84)

Proteinuria

2.65

(0.79–8.90)

Medication for diabetes

2.65

(1.49–4.70)

Medication for hypertension

3.82

(0.67–21.65)

Medication for hypercholesterolemia

0.93

(0.53–1.61)

History of cardiovascular disease

1.22

(0.69–2.15)

History of cerebrovascular disease

0.60

(0.26–1.34)

Number of checkups received (per 1-time)

0.55

(0.38–0.80)

Current smoking

1.87

(1.04–3.36)

Regular exercise

1.05

(0.52–2.14)

Regular walking

1.00

(0.51–1.93)

Walking fast

1.24

(0.60–2.59)

 Frequent skipping breakfast

4.80

(1.98–11.62)

  Slow

1.00

[Reference]

  Normal

1.49

(0.52–4.30)

  Fast

2.13

(0.69–6.59)

 Eating dinner late

0.55

(0.29–1.02)

 Frequent late-evening snacking

1.71

(0.50–5.94)

 Rare

1.00

[Reference]

 Occasional

1.10

(0.60–2.05)

 Daily

0.46

(0.17–1.28)

Sufficient rest along with sleep

2.09

(1.14–3.85)