Circadian effects of ionizing radiation on reproductive function and clock genes expression in male mouse

Table 2 Effects of IR exposure on index levels and rhythm parameter of male reproductive function

Reproductive index	Groups	CT 3:00	CT 7:00	CT 11:00	CT 15:00	CT 19:00	CT 23:00	M	A	ω	ϕ
Daily sperm production (10⁶*/(gd))**	Control	14.16±1.53	18.18±2.24	9.80±1.01	8.45±0.97	4.88±0.37	11.68±1.06	11.19	5.52	15	81.63
Daily sperm production (10⁶*/(gd))**	IR	8.75±0.98*	9.33±0.99*	17.09±2.13*	25.50±2.45*	26.73±3.19*	20.72±2.32*	18.02*	9.95*	15	262.60
Sperm motility (%)	Control	73.02±7.45	75.64±5.72	64.51±5.58	58.51±4.97	51.01±6.20	63.79±5.51	64.41	11.46	15	84.66
Sperm motility (%)	IR	31.53±3.79*	46.60±5.08*	28.39±4.31*	20.47±2.11*	18.70±2.34*	20.18±2.76*	27.64*	12.54	15	101.25*
Testosterone (ng/ml)	Control	8.04±0.68	9.14±0.91	7.68±0.82	7.11±0.81	5.90±0.72	7.60±0.81	7.58	1.27	15	93.75
Testosterone (ng/ml)	IR	8.02±0.91	8.20±0.88	7.67±0.78	6.99±0.83	6.81±0.34	7.67±0.91	7.56	0.70*	15	79.99

Note: Date are means ± standard error for DSP, sperm motility, and testosterone levels. Asterisks indicate a significant difference from control at p < .05 at different Control Time (CT) hours. The data obtained were then fitted by the least squares method for cosinor analysis, M is the median of the rhythm, A represents the amplitude of the rhythm, ω is the radial frequency (15 °/h) and φ is the peak phase of the rhythm. The experimental mice were subjected to whole-body irradiation of 3 Gy X-rays at different Control Time (CT) hours: CT 3:00, CT 7:00, CT 11:00, CT 15:00, CT 19:00, and CT 23:00, respectively. Control mice were handled in the same manner as those in radiation-exposed groups but without X-ray. IR, ionizing radiation

ISSN: 1347-4715