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Table 2 Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for carotid wall thickening and adjusted geometric means of the maximum carotid intima-media thickness in relation to education and household income

From: Education and household income and carotid intima-media thickness in Japan: baseline data from the Aidai Cohort Study in Yawatahama, Uchiko, Seiyo, and Ainan

Variable

Prevalence (%)

Age- and sex-adjusted OR (95% CI)

Multivariate-adjusted OR (95% CI)a

Age- and sex-adjusted mean of maximum intima-media thickness, mm (95% CI)

Multivariate-adjusted mean of maximum intima-media thickness, mm (95% CI)a

Overall (n = 2012)

 Educationb

  Low

59/286 (20.6)

1.00

1.00

0.796 (0.778−0.814)

0.790 (0.773−0.809)

  Medium

130/946 (13.7)

0.86 (0.60−1.24)

0.90 (0.62−1.30)

0.788 (0.779−0.798)

0.788 (0.778−0.797)

  High

72/780 (9.2)

0.76 (0.51−1.14)

0.80 (0.53−1.21)

0.772 (0.761−0.782)

0.774 (0.764−0.785)

  p for trend

0.18

0.28

0.01

0.07

 Household income (Japanese million yen/year)c

  < 3

110/687 (16.0)

1.00

1.00

0.786 (0.774−0.797)

0.785 (0.773−0.796)

  3−< 5

92/687 (13.4)

0.93 (0.68−1.27)

1.00 (0.73−1.38)

0.784 (0.772−0.795)

0.786 (0.775−0.797)

  ≥ 5

59/638 (9.3)

0.93 (0.65−1.34)

0.95 (0.64−1.38)

0.779 (0.767−0.791)

0.778 (0.766−0.789)

  p for trend

0.67

0.80

0.42

0.43

< 60 years of age (n = 703)

    

 Educationb

  Low

1/15 (6.7)

1.00

1.00

0.711 (0.648−0.780)

0.684 (0.625−0.749)

  Medium

12/274 (4.4)

0.64 (0.11−12.38)

1.03 (0.14−21.61)

0.718 (0.703−0.734)

0.713 (0.698−0.728)

  High

17/414 (4.1)

0.65 (0.11−12.35)

1.22 (0.17−25.36)

0.695 (0.683−0.708)

0.700 (0.688−0.712)

  p for trend

0.87

0.69

0.03

0.33

 Household income (Japanese million yen/year)c

  < 3

4/121 (3.3)

1.00

1.00

0.699 (0.676−0.722)

0.696 (0.674−0.719)

  3−< 5

8/211 (3.8)

1.06 (0.32−4.10)

1.16 (0.34−4.66)

0.709 (0.691−0.726)

0.710 (0.693−0.727)

  ≥ 5

18/371 (4.9)

1.45 (0.52−5.18)

1.26 (0.41−4.79)

0.704 (0.691−0.717)

0.704 (0.692−0.717)

  p for trend

0.41

0.71

0.85

0.71

60−69 years of age (n = 837)

    

 Educationb

  Low

15/127 (11.8)

1.00

1.00

0.801 (0.775−0.828)

0.797 (0.771−0.824)

  Medium

62/437 (14.2)

1.33 (0.74−2.55)

1.46 (0.79−2.85)

0.807 (0.793−0.822)

0.808 (0.794−0.822)

  High

39/273 (14.3)

1.41 (0.75−2.79)

1.53 (0.79−3.09)

0.809 (0.791−0.827)

0.810 (0.792−0.828)

  p for trend

0.35

0.27

0.68

0.51

 Household income (Japanese million yen/year)c

  < 3

50/336 (14.9)

1.00

1.00

0.814 (0.798−0.831)

0.814 (0.798−0.831)

  3−< 5

39/297 (13.1)

0.85 (0.54−1.35)

0.93 (0.57−1.51)

0.802 (0.785−0.819)

0.804 (0.787−0.822)

  ≥ 5

27/204 (13.2)

0.86 (0.51−1.43)

0.91 (0.52−1.57)

0.802 (0.781−0.823)

0.798 (0.778−0.820)

  p for trend

0.51

0.72

0.32

0.23

≥ 70 years of age (n = 472)

    

 Educationb

  Low

43/144 (29.9)

1.00

1.00

0.893 (0.864−0.923)

0.893 (0.864−0.923)

  Medium

56/235 (23.8)

0.73 (0.45−1.16)

0.69 (0.42−1.14)

0.869 (0.847−0.891)

0.868 (0.847−0.891)

  High

16/93 (17.2)

0.46 (0.24−0.87)

0.43 (0.21−0.83)

0.829 (0.796−0.863)

0.829 (0.796−0.863)

  p for trend

0.02

0.01

0.006

0.006

 Household income (Japanese million yen/year)c

  < 3

56/230 (24.4)

1.00

1.00

0.868 (0.845−0.891)

0.866 (0.844−0.889)

  3−< 5

45/179 (25.1)

1.03 (0.65−1.63)

1.08 (0.67−1.74)

0.873 (0.848−0.900)

0.876 (0.851−0.903)

  ≥ 5

14/63 (22.2)

0.88 (0.44−1.69)

0.89 (0.43−1.74)

0.853 (0.811−0.896)

0.850 (0.809−0.894)

  p for trend

0.81

0.89

0.72

0.78

  1. CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio
  2. aAdjustment for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, leisure time physical activity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, waist circumference, and employment
  3. bLow: junior high school; medium: high school; high: junior college, vocational technical school or university
  4. cUS $1 = 104 yen