Table 1 Characteristics of 2012 study subjects in relation to educational levela
Variables | Total (n = 2012) | Educationb | p for trendc | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low (n = 286) | Medium (n = 946) | High (n = 780) | |||
Age, years | 64.0 (55.0−69.0) | 70.0 (66.0−73.0) | 65.0 (58.0−69.0) | 59.0 (50.0−66.0) | < 0.0001 |
Male gender | 724 (36.0) | 101 (35.3) | 344 (36.4) | 279 (35.8) | 0.99 |
Smoking status | 0.52 | ||||
Never | 1381 (68.6) | 200 (69.9) | 650 (68.7) | 531 (68.1) | |
Former | 489 (24.3) | 66 (23.1) | 233 (24.6) | 190 (24.4) | |
Current | 142 (7.1) | 20 (7.0) | 63 (6.7) | 59 (7.6) | |
Alcohol consumption | < 0.0001 | ||||
Never | 864 (42.9) | 154 (53.9) | 415 (43.9) | 295 (37.8) | |
Former | 127 (6.3) | 16 (5.6) | 66 (7.0) | 45 (5.8) | |
Current | 1021 (50.8) | 116 (40.6) | 465 (49.2) | 440 (56.4) | |
Leisure time physical activity | 886 (44.0) | 136 (47.6) | 420 (44.4) | 330 (42.3) | 0.12 |
Hypertension | 850 (42.3) | 164 (57.3) | 435 (46.0) | 251 (32.2) | < 0.0001 |
Dyslipidemia | 1049 (52.1) | 155 (54.2) | 509 (53.8) | 385 (49.4) | 0.07 |
Diabetes mellitus | 157 (7.8) | 28 (9.8) | 81 (8.6) | 48 (6.2) | 0.02 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.0 (21.0−25.2) | 23.7 (21.8−25.8) | 22.9 (20.9−25.0) | 22.7 (20.8−25.2) | 0.002 |
Waist circumference, cm | 82.5 (76.5−89.0) | 84.1 (78.5−91.0) | 82.5 (76.5−88.4) | 82.0 (75.7−88.6) | 0.0001 |
Employment | 1165 (57.9) | 110 (38.5) | 512 (54.1) | 543 (69.6) | < 0.0001 |
Maximum carotid intima-media thickness, mm | 0.770 (0.693−0.885) | 0.847 (0.731−0.962) | 0.785 (0.693−0.885) | 0.731 (0.654−0.847) | < 0.0001 |
Carotid wall thickening | 261 (13.0) | 59 (20.6) | 130 (13.7) | 72 (9.2) | < 0.0001 |