Table 2 ORs and 95% CI for the associations between secondhand smoke concentrations and hypertension risk in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2016

Total

Reference

1.05 (0.96, 1.13)

1.13 (1.04, 1.24)

0.007

Sex

0.722

Male

Reference

1.08 (0.95, 1.23)

1.11 (0.96, 1.28)

0.169

Female

Reference

1.02 (0.92, 1.13)

1.16 (1.03, 1.30)

0.017

Race

0.356

Mexican American

Reference

0.93 (0.77, 1.12)

0.97 (0.78, 1.20)

0.690

Other Hispanic

Reference

0.87 (0.66, 1.15)

1.20 (0.88, 1.64)

0.404

Non-Hispanic white

Reference

1.11 (0.98, 1.26)

1.14 (0.99, 1.31)

0.057

Non-Hispanic black

Reference

1.23 (1.00, 1.52)

1.30 (1.06, 1.59)

0.017

Other race—including multiracial

Reference

0.86 (0.66, 1.11)

0.98 (0.72, 1.32)

0.780

BMI category

0.549

< 25

Reference

1.02 (0.86, 1.22)

1.15 (0.94, 1.41)

0.195

25–30

Reference

0.93 (0.82, 1.07)

1.16 (1.00, 1.35)

0.067

≥ 30

Reference

1.16 (1.02, 1.32)

1.09 (0.96, 1.25)

0.200

Family PIR

0.328

< 1

Reference

1.06 (0.84, 1.32)

1.15 (0.92, 1.43)

0.217

≥ 1

Reference

1.04 (0.95, 1.14)

1.12 (1.01, 1.23)

0.028

Alcohol consumption

0.808

No

Reference

1.02 (0.89, 1.16)

1.14 (0.98, 1.31)

0.156

Yes

Reference

1.06 (0.94, 1.19)

1.10 (0.96, 1.25)

0.093

CVD history

0.288

No

Reference

1.03 (0.94, 1.13)

1.12 (1.02, 1.24)

0.022

Yes

Reference

1.13 (0.86, 1.49)

1.11 (0.82, 1.50)

0.485

Diabetes history

0.607

No

Reference

1.04 (0.95, 1.13)

1.14 (1.03, 1.25)

0.011

Yes

Reference

1.11 (0.89, 1.39)

1.11 (0.87, 1.42)

0.370

Physical activity

0.745

None

Reference

1.03 (0.92, 1.15)

1.08 (0.96, 1.22)

0.217

Moderate

Reference

1.05 (0.89, 1.25)

1.20 (1.00, 1.44)

0.051

Vigorous

Reference

1.09 (0.89, 1.33)

1.22 (1.00, 1.50)

0.054