Association between household solid fuel use and tuberculosis: cross-sectional data from the Mongolian National Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey

Table 5 The factors associated with bacteriologically confirmed TB and smear positive TB among study population

Independent variables	Prevalence of Bact TB (%)	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
		Bact TB		Bact TB		Smear + TB
		cOR (95%, CI)	P value	aOR (95%, CI)	P value^a	aOR (95%, CI)	P value^a
Gender
Male	0.8	2.9 (2.2–3.9)	0.01	2.2 (1.6–3.1)	< 0.01	4.2 (2.3–8.2)	< 0.01
Female	0.3	1.0	–	1.0	–	1.0	–
Exposure to solid fuel for heating
Yes	0.6	1.5 (1.1–2.1)	0.01	1.5 (1.1–2.1)	0.02	2.1 (1.1–4.0)	0.01
No	0.4	1.0	–	1.0	–	1.0	–
Education
Lower than incomplete secondary	0.7	1.5 (1.1–2.0)	0.01	1.1 (0.9–1.6)	0.35	1.0 (0.6–1.7)	0.98
Higher than complete secondary	0.5	1.0	–	1.0	–	1.0	–
Marital status
Divorced or widow	1.0	2.1 (1.4–3.0)	0.01	2.5 (1.6–3.8)	0.01	2.7 (1.3–5.6)	0.01
Married or never married	0.5	1.0	–	1.0	–	1.0	–
Employment
Employer and self-business owner	0.7	1.4 (1.1–2.0)	0.03	1.4 (0.9–1.9)	0.06	1.4 (0.8–2.4)	0.23
Others	0.5	1.0	–	1.0	–	1.0	–
Smoking
Daily	1.1	2.9 (2.2–3.8)	0.01	1.8 (1.3–2.5)	< 0.01	2.1 (1.2–3.5)	0.01
Never, quit, occasional	0.4	1.0	–	1.0	–	1.0	–
Alcohol intake
Yes	1.2	2.5 (1.8–3.6)	< 0.01	1.4 (0.9–2.1)	0.07	1.5 (0.9–2.8)	0.13
No	0.5	1.0	–	1.0	–	1.0	–
Contacts with active TB
Yes	0.9	1.9 (1.4–2.6)	< 0.01	1.7 (1.2–2.3)	0.01	1.6 (0.9–2.7)	0.13
No	0.5	1.0	–	1.0	–	1.0	–
Underweight
BMI ≤ 18.5 kg/m²	1.7	3.6 (2.3–5.6)	< 0.01	3.6 (2.3–5.7)	< 0.01	7.1 (3.7–13.5)	< 0.01
BMI > 18.5 kg/m²	0.5	1.0	–	1.0	–	1.0	–
History of TB
Yes	2.4	5.6 (4.0–8.0)	< 0.01	4.3 (3.0–6.2)	< 0.01	7.5 (4.4–12.6)	< 0.01
No	0.4	1.0	–	1.0	–	1.0	–

TB tuberculosis, Bact bacteriologically confirmed, + positive, cOR crude odds ratio, aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index
Smoking: yes: tobacco smoking daily; alcohol consumption: yes: more than 2–4 times per month
BMI: underweight: ≤ 18.5 kg/m². Adjusted effects of the independent variables on TB in the study population
Both crude and adjusted odds ratio were estimated by logistic regression. Unadjusted odds ratios were based on separate logistic regression for independent variables
TB case, underweight status, previous history of tuberculosis and exposure to solid fuel for heating
^aAll independent variables were included in the same model: age, gender, education level, marital status, employment, smoking, alcohol intake, contact with active TB case, underweight status, previous history of tuberculosis and exposure to solid fuel for heating

ISSN: 1347-4715