Table 2 Household environmental and individual factors among study population
Total | Non-TB | Bact TB | P value | Smear + TB | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
House type; n (%) | ||||||
 Gher | 13,531 (32.6) | 13,454 (32.6) | 77 (36.2) | 0.35 | 29 (38.7) | 0.14 |
 Wooden house | 16,331 (39.4) | 16,243 (39.4) | 88 (41.3) |  | 34 (45.3) |  |
 Apartment | 10,298 (24.9) | 10,255 (24.9) | 43 (20.2) |  | 11 (14.7) |  |
 Other | 1290 (3.1) | 1285 (3.1) | 5 (2.3) |  | 1 (1.3) |  |
Separate kitchen; n (%) | ||||||
 Yes | 21,411 (51.7) | 21,313 (51.7) | 98 (46.0) | 0.90 | 30 (40.0) | 0.04 |
 No | 20,039 (48.3) | 19,924 (48.3) | 115 (54.0) |  | 45 (60.0) |  |
Exposure to solid fuel for heating; n (%) | ||||||
 Clean | 12,069 (29.1) | 12,023 (29.2) | 46 (21.6) | 0.02 | 12 (16.0) | 0.01 |
 Solid fuel | 29,381 (70.9) | 29,214 (70.8) | 167 (78.4) |  | 63 (84.0) |  |
Number of family members; n (%) | ||||||
 ≤ 4 | 25,924 (62.5) | 25,784 (62.5) | 140 (65.7) | 0.30 | 47 (62.7) | 0.98 |
 > 5 | 15,526 (37.5) | 15,453 (37.5) | 73 (34.3) |  | 28 (37.3) |  |
Exposure to tobacco smoke inside home, n | ||||||
 Never | 17,264 (41.7) | 17,181 (41.7) | 83 (39.0) | 0.70 | 28 (37.3) | 0.42 |
 Occasional | 10,554 (25.5) | 10,499 (25.5) | 55 (25.8) |  | 17 (22.7) |  |
 Daily | 13,632 (32.9) | 13,557 (32.9) | 75 (35.2) |  | 30 (40.0) |  |
Household monthly income (â‚®)a; n (%) | ||||||
 ≤ 500,000 | 22,155 (53.4) | 22,038 (53.4) | 117 (54.9) | 0.30 | 46 (61.3) | 0.38 |
 500,001–1,000,000 | 14,948 (36.1) | 14,871 (36.1) | 77 (36.2) |  | 25 (33.3) |  |
 1,000,001–1,500,000 | 2719 (6.6) | 2711 (6.6) | 8 (3.8) |  | 2 (2.7) |  |
 ≥ 1,500,001 | 1628 (3.9) | 1617 (3.9) | 11 (5.2) |  | 2 (2.7) |  |
Smoking; n (%) | ||||||
 Never | 29,781 (71.9) | 29,683 (72.0) | 98 (46.0) | < 0.01 | 20 (26.7) | < 0.01 |
 Quit | 1259 (3.0) | 1248 (3.0) | 11 (5.2) |  | 7 (9.3) |  |
 Occasional | 1396 (3.4) | 1387 (3.4) | 9 (4.2) |  | 5 (6.7) |  |
 Daily | 9014 (21.7) | 8919 (21.6) | 95 (44.6) |  | 43 (57.3) |  |
Alcohol consumption; n (%) | ||||||
 Never | 22,351 (53.9) | 22,266 (54.0) | 85 (39.9) | < 0.01 | 27 (36.0) | < 0.01 |
 Once a month or less | 15,892 (38.3) | 15,801 (38.3) | 91 (42.7) |  | 30 (40.0) |  |
 2-4 times a month | 2837 (6.8) | 2812 (6.8) | 25 (11.7) |  | 12 (16.0) |  |
 2–3 times a week | 265 (0.6) | 257 (0.6) | 8 (3.8) |  | 4 (5.3) |  |
 At least 4 times a week | 105 (0.3) | 101 (0.2) | 4 (1.9) |  | 2 (2.7) |  |
Diabetes; n (%) | ||||||
 No | 17,801 (43.0) | 17,717 (43.0) | 84 (39.4) | 0.09 | 32 (42.7) | 0.67 |
 Yes | 1011 (2.4) | 1002 (2.4) | 9 (4.2) |  | 3 (4.0) |  |
 Unknown | 22,638 (54.6) | 22,518 (54.6) | 120 (56.3) |  | 40 (53.3) |  |
Contact with active TB; n (%) | ||||||
 No | 35,020 (84.5) | 34,862 (84.5) | 158 (74.2) | < 0.01 | 54 (72.0) | 0.01 |
 Yes | 6430 (15.5) | 6375 (15.5) | 55 (25.8) |  | 21 (28.0) |  |
BMI; n (%) | ||||||
 Normal | 18,779 (45.3) | 18,627 (45.2) | 152 (71.4) | < 0.01 | 54 (72.0) | < 0.01 |
 Overweight | 13,206 (31.9) | 13,176 (32.0) | 30 (14.1) |  | 7 (9.3) |  |
 Obese class I | 6096 (14.7) | 6089 (14.8) | 7 (3.3) |  | 1 (1.3) |  |
 Obese class II | 1543 (3.7) | 1543 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) |  | 0 (0.0) |  |
 Obese class III | 470 (1.1) | 469 (1.1) | 1 (0.5) |  | 0 (0.0) |  |
 Underweight | 1356 (3.3) | 1333 (3.2) | 23 (10.8) |  | 13 (17.3) |  |
Previous history of TB; n (%) | ||||||
 No | 39,785 (96.0) | 39,612 (96.1) | 173 (81.2) | < 0.01 | 52 (69.3) | < 0.01 |
 Yes | 1665 (4.0) | 1625 (3.9) | 40 (18.8) |  | 23 (30.7) |  |