Table 2 Associations of education and income with hazardous drinking 1 year after delivery

Total

397/11031

(3.6)

Educational attainment

 University or higher

62/3268

(1.9)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 College

150/4263

(3.5)

1.89 (1.40–2.55)

1.65 (1.22–2.24)

1.62 (1.19–2.22)

 High school or lower

185/3500

(5.3)

3.01 (2.25–4.04)

2.26 (1.67–3.06)

2.17 (1.59–2.98)

Equivalent household income

 ≥4.00 million JPY

83/2909

(2.9)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 3.00–3.99 million JPY

46/2068

(2.2)

0.80 (0.56–1.16)

0.89 (0.61–1.30)

0.80 (0.55–1.17)

 2.00–2.99 million JPY

143/3514

(4.1)

1.51 (1.15–1.99)

1.37 (1.03–1.83)

1.18 (0.88–1.58)

 ≤1.99 million JPY

125/2540

(4.9)

1.87 (1.40–2.49)

1.42 (1.04–1.94)

1.12 (0.81–1.54)

Covariates

 Age

  ≤29 years

101/3226

(3.1)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

  30–34 years

153/4211

(3.6)

1.17 (0.90–1.51)

1.34 (1.03–1.76)

1.28 (0.98–1.67)

1.37 (1.05–1.79)

  ≥35 years

143/3594

(4.0)

1.28 (0.99–1.66)

1.43 (1.09–1.88)

1.41 (1.07–1.86)

1.47 (1.12–1.95)

 Parity

  Nulliparous

128/5270

(2.4)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Multiparous

269/5761

(4.7)

1.94 (1.56–2.41)

1.90 (1.52–2.37)

1.81 (1.42–2.29)

1.76 (1.39–2.24)

 Drinking status during pregnancy

  Non-drinking

328/10330

(3.2)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Drinking

69/701

(9.8)

3.30 (2.52–4.34)

3.15 (2.37–4.19)

3.13 (2.36–4.17)

3.15 (2.37–4.19)

 Work status

  Not working

161/5216

(3.1)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Working

236/5815

(4.1)

1.33 (1.08–1.63)

1.16 (0.94–1.43)

1.14 (0.92–1.40)

1.17 (0.95–1.45)

 Postpartum depression

  No

334/9608

(3.5)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Yes

63/1423

(4.4)

1.32 (1.00–1.74)

1.22 (0.92–1.62)

1.21 (0.91–1.61)

1.20 (0.90–1.59)

 Breastfeeding

  Yes

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

  No

7.05 (5.48–9.07)

6.75 (5.23–8.71)

7.07 (5.48–9.11)

6.72 (5.21–8.67)