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Table 3 Association between dietary supplement use and demographic, social, and health-related behavioral characteristics

From: Dietary supplement use in elementary school children: a Japanese web-based survey

 

Any use of dietary supplementsa

Everyday use of dietary supplementsb

nc

OR

(95%CI)

nc

OR

(95%CI)

Grade

 1

38

1.00

(reference)

16

1.00

(reference)

 2

32

0.88

(0.54,

1.43)

13

0.86

(0.41,

1.82)

 3

55

1.13

(0.73,

1.77)

15

0.75

(0.36,

1.58)

 4

53

1.04

(0.67,

1.61)

15

0.67

(0.33,

1.38)

 5

72

1.28

(0.85,

1.94)

28

1.16

(0.62,

2.18)

 6

83

1.38

(0.92,

2.07)

30

1.11

(0.59,

2.07)

Sex

 Male

201

1.38

(1.09,

1.75)

73

0.69

(0.47,

1.01)

 Female

132

1.00

(reference)

44

1.00

(reference)

BMI categoryd

 Underweight

38

0.75

(0.52,

1.07)

13

0.69

(0.38,

1.25)

 Normal-weight

225

1.00

(reference)

83

1

(reference)

 Overweight

70

0.99

(0.73,

1.33)

21

0.84

(0.50,

1.40)

Frequency of sports participation

 Never

52

1.00

(reference)

21

1.00

(reference)

 Once a week

49

1.29

(0.86,

1.94)

12

0.75

(0.36,

1.54)

 2–3 times/week

145

1.86

(1.33,

2.58)

47

1.46

(0.86,

2.47)

 4–6 times/week

48

1.85

(1.22,

2.80)

23

2.19

(1.18,

4.05)

 Every day

39

2.58

(1.65,

4.02)

14

2.12

(1.05,

4.29)

Health status

 Poor or fair

20

1.00

(reference)

42

1.00

(reference)

 Good

102

1.29

(0.97,

1.72)

31

1.16

(0.72,

1.87)

 Very good

95

1.61

(1.21,

2.13)

35

1.52

(0.95,

2.41)

 Excellent

116

2.26

(1.35,

3.76)

42

2.88

(1.35,

6.13)

Household income (10000Japanese yen/year)

  < 200

26

1.00

(reference)

9

1.00

(reference)

 200 to < 400

37

0.81

(0.48,

1.36)

9

0.57

(0.23,

1.46)

 400 to < 600

87

1.06

(0.67,

1.67)

34

1.24

(0.59,

2.63)

 600 to < 800

91

1.37

(0.86,

2.17)

30

1.36

(0.63,

2.94)

 800 to < 1000

38

0.99

(0.59,

1.68)

11

0.87

(0.35,

2.15)

  ≥ 1000

54

1.87

(1.13,

3.10)

24

2.56

(1.14,

5.74)

Maternal educational level (years)

  ≤ 12

61

1.00

(reference)

25

1.00

(reference)

 13 to 15

125

1.51

(1.10,

2.09)

40

1.13

(0.68,

1.90)

  ≥ 16

147

1.82

(1.31,

2.52)

52

1.44

(0.86,

2.41)

  1. Multivariate logistic regression was adjusted for all other variables examined
  2. BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio
  3. aAny use of dietary supplements was defined as dietary supplement use, regardless of frequency (n = 333)
  4. bEveryday use of dietary supplements was defined as dietary supplement use every day (n = 117)
  5. cNumber of dietary supplement users
  6. dBMI was categorized as underweight, normal-weight, or overweight based on age- and sex-specific cut-off points defined by the International Obesity Task Force [28, 29]
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Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine

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