Table 2 Risk bias assessment of individual studies included for meta-analysis on prevalence of hepatitis B and C in Africa
Wow | Year of publication | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q6 | Q7 | Q8 | Q9 | Total score | Risk of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Desalegn et al. [29] | 2013 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | Moderate |
Ziraba et al. [53] | 2010 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Low |
Mueller et al. [51] | 2016 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Low |
Nail et al. [50] | 2008 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | High |
Abdelwahab et al. [58] | 2012 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | High |
Braka et al. [28] | 2006 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | Low |
Djeriri et al. [31] | 2008 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | Low |
Ngekeng et al. [48] | 2018 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | Moderate |
Elmaghloub et al. [33] | 2017 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | Moderate |
Elmukashfi et al. [34] | 2012 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | Moderate |
Elduma and Saeed [36] | 2006 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | Moderate |
Fritzsche et al. [59] | 2015 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | High |
Gebremariam et al. [38] | 2018 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Low |
Munier et al. [63] | 2013 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | Moderate |
Kisangau et al. [57] | 2018 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | Low |
Jean-Baptiste et al. [61] | 2018 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | Moderate |
Souly et al. [64] | 2016 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | Moderate |
Orji et al. [47] | 2020 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Low |
Yizengaw et al. [43] | 2018 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Low |
Ndako et al. [49] | 2014 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | Moderate |
Elikwu et al. [32] | 2016 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | Moderate |
Geberemicheal et al. [37] | 2013 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | Low |
Shao et al. [46] | 2018 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | Low |
Sondlane et al. [45] | 2016 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Low |
Tatsilong et al. [44] | 2016 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | Low |
Kateera et al. [65] | 2014 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | Low |
Elbahrawy et al. [66] | 2017 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | Low |
Akazong et al. [27] | 2020 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Low |
Amiwero et al. [67] | 2017 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | Low |
Daw et al. [30] | 2000 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | Moderate |
Romieu et al. [54] | 1989 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | High |
Qin et al. [52] | 2018 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Low |
Elzouki et al. [35] | 2014 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Low |
Ndongo et al. [56] | 2016 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Low |
Vardas et al. [68] | 2002 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | Moderate |
Lungosi et al. [41] | 2018 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | Low |
Massaquoi et al. [39] | 2018 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Low |
Mbaawuaga et al. [40] | 2019 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | Low |
Sani et al. [69] | 2011 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | High |
Zayet et al. [72] | 2015 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | High |
Kefenie et al. [42] | 1989 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | Low |
El-Sokkary et al. [70] | 2017 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Low |
Belo et al. [55] | 2000 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | Moderate |
Gyang et al. [73] | 2017 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Low |