From: Hokkaido birth cohort study on environment and children’s health: cohort profile 2021
Environmental exposure during pregnancy | Maternal (M) or child (C) outcome | Maternal (M) or child (C) polymorphism | Maternal or child risk genotype | Change in the outcome | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) | (M: Dioxin-like PCB’s concentration) | M: AHR (G>A, Arg554Lys) | GA/AA | Concentration ↑ | [67] |
Dioxin and dioxin-like PCB | (M: Dioxin and dioxin-like PCB’s concentration) | M: CYP1A1 (T>C; MspI) | TT/TC | Concentration ↑ | [67] |
Active smoking (based on questionnaire) | C: Reduction of birth weight | M: AHR (G>A, Arg554Lys) | Arg/Arg | Birth weight: 211 g ↓ | [68] |
Active smoking (based on questionnaire) | C: Reduction of birth weight | M: CYP1A1 (m1/m2) | m1/m2 + m2/m2 | 170 g ↓ | [68] |
Active smoking (based on questionnaire) | C: Reduction of birth weight | M: Combination of AHR (G>A, Arg554Lys) and CYP1A1 (m1/m2) | Combination of Arg/Arg (AHR) and m1/m2 + m2/m2 (CYP1A1) | 315 g ↓ | [68] |
Active smoking (based on questionnaire) | C: Reduction of birth weight | M: Combination of CYP1A1 (m1/m2) and GSTM1 (non-null/null) | Combination of m1/m2 + m2/m2 (CYP1A1) and null (GSTM1) | 237 g ↓ | [68] |
Active smoking (based on questionnaire) | C: Reduction of birth weight | M: NQO1 (C>T, Pro187Ser) | Pro/Pro | 159 g ↓ | [69] |
Active smoking (based on questionnaire) | C: Reduction of birth weight | M: CYP2E1 (c1/c2) | c1/c1 | 195 g ↓ | [69] |
Active smoking (based on questionnaire) | C: Reduction of birth weight | M: MTHFR (A1298C) | AA | 105.69 g ↓ | [70] |
Active smoking (based on cotinine level) | C: Reduction of birth weight | M: CYP1A1 (A>G, Ile462Val) | AG/GG | 62 g ↓ | [71] |
Active smoking (based on cotinine level) | C: Reduction of birth weight | M: XRCC1 (C>T, Arg194Trp) | CT/TT | 59 g ↓ | [71] |
Active smoking (based on cotinine level) | C: Reduction of birth weight | M: Combination of AHR (G>A, Arg554Lys), CYP1A1 (A>G, Ile462Val), and XRCC1 (C>T, Arg194Trp) | Combination of GG (AHR), AG/GG (CYP1A1), and CT/TT (XRCC1) | 145 g ↓ | [71] |
Active smoking (based on cotinine level) | C: Reduction of birth weight | M: AHR (G>A, Arg554Lys) | GG | 217 g ↓ | [25] |
Active smoking (based on cotinine level) | C: Reduction of birth weight | M: XRCC1 (C>T, Arg194Trp) | TT | 387 g ↓ | [25] |
Passive smoking (based on cotinine level) | C: Reduction of birth weight | M: XRCC1 (C>T, Arg194Trp) | TT | 139 g ↓ | [25] |
Dioxins | C: Reduction of birth weight | M: GSTM1 (non-null/null) | Null | 214 g ↓ | [28] |
Caffeine (≤300 mg/day) | C: Reduction of birth weight | M CYP1A2 (C164A) | AA | 277 g ↓ | [72] |
Passive smoking (based on cotinine level) | C: Reduction of head circumference gain from birth to 3 years | M: CYP1A1 (A>G, Ile462Val) | AG/GG | 0.75 cm ↓ | [73] |
The ratio of the lengths of the 2nd and 4th digits (2D/4D) which considered an index of prenatal androgen exposure at 7 years of age | (C: 2D/4D) | C: ESR1 (A>G; rs9340799) | GG | 2D/4D ↓ | [74] |
Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) or Σ di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) | C: 2D/4D | C: ESR1 (A>G; rs2077647) | AG/GG | 2D/4D ↓ | [75] |