Table 3 Univariate analysis of associations between frontline epidemic prevention experience and baseline dietary and behavioral habits before COVID-19
Baseline characteristics | Frontline epidemic prevention experience, N (%) | Total, N = 22,459 | T or χ2 | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes, 9402 (41.9) | No, 13,057 (58.1) | ||||
Baseline dietary habits | |||||
 Salt intake | |||||
  High | 2244 (23.9) | 2610 (20.0) | 4854 (21.6) | 50.693 | < 0.001 |
  Medium | 5767 (61.3) | 8322 (63.7) | 14,089 (62.7) | ||
  Low | 1391 (14.8) | 2125 (16.3) | 3516 (15.7) | ||
 Intake frequency of fresh vegetables | |||||
  Every day | 3987 (42.4) | 6561 (50.2) | 10,548 (47.0) | 153.388 | < 0.001 |
  4–6 days/week | 3382 (36.0) | 3810 (29.2) | 7192 (32.0) | ||
  2–3 days/week | 1791 (19.0) | 2355 (18.0) | 4146 (18.5) | ||
  ≤ 1 day/week | 242 (2.6) | 331 (2.5) | 573 (2.6) | ||
 Intake frequency of fresh fruits | |||||
  Every day | 3510 (37.3) | 5233 (40.1) | 8743 (38.9) | 107.917 | < 0.001 |
  4–6 days/week | 3379 (35.9) | 3903 (29.9) | 7282 (32.4) | ||
  2–3 days/week | 2177 (23.2) | 3255 (24.9) | 5432 (24.2) | ||
  ≤ 1 day/week | 336 (3.6) | 666 (5.1) | 1002 (4.5) | ||
 Intake frequency of meat, eggs, milk, or dairy products | |||||
  Every day | 3113 (33.1) | 4779 (36.6) | 7892 (35.1) | 87.739 | < 0.001 |
  4–6 days/week | 3430 (36.5) | 4041 (30.9) | 7471 (33.3) | ||
  2–3 days/week | 2459 (26.2) | 3518 (26.9) | 5977 (26.6) | ||
  ≤ 1 day/week | 400 (4.3) | 719 (5.5) | 1119 (5.0) | ||
 Intake frequency of fried foods | |||||
  Every day | 1417 (15.1) | 1574 (12.1) | 2991 (13.3) | 372.657 | < 0.001 |
  4–6 days/week | 2991 (31.8) | 3183 (24.4) | 6174 (27.5) | ||
  2–3 days/week | 2995 (31.9) | 4135 (31.7) | 7130 (31.7) | ||
  ≤ 1 day/week | 1999 (21.3) | 4165 (31.9) | 6164 (27.4) | ||
 Intake frequency of sugary foods | |||||
  Every day | 2032 (21.6) | 2643 (20.2) | 4675 (20.8) | 195.740 | < 0.001 |
  4–6 days/week | 3150 (33.5) | 3569 (27.3) | 6719 (29.9) | ||
  2–3 days/week | 3144 (33.4) | 4625 (35.4) | 7769 (34.6) | ||
  ≤ 1 day/week | 1076 (11.4) | 2220 (17.0) | 3296 (14.7) | ||
 Intake frequency of pickled vegetables | |||||
  Every day | 1426 (15.2) | 1726 (13.2) | 3152 (14.0) | 419.729 | < 0.001 |
  4–6 days/week | 2801 (29.8) | 2972 (22.8) | 5773 (25.7) | ||
  2–3 days/week | 3179 (33.8) | 4007 (30.7) | 7186 (32.0) | ||
  ≤ 1 day/week | 1996 (21.2) | 4352 (33.3) | 6348 (28.3) | ||
 Intake frequency of processed meat products | |||||
  Every day | 1548 (16.5) | 1848 (14.2) | 3396 (15.1) | 380.866 | < 0.001 |
  4–6 days/week | 3065 (32.6) | 3240 (24.8) | 6305 (28.1) | ||
  2–3 days/week | 3210 (34.1) | 4465 (34.2) | 7675 (34.2) | ||
  ≤ 1 day/week | 1579 (16.8) | 3504 (26.8) | 5083 (22.6) | ||
Baseline behavioral habits | |||||
 Smoking cigarettes/day | |||||
  > 20 cigarettes per day | 148 (1.6) | 135 (1.0) | 283 (1.3) | 721.002 | < 0.001 |
  11–20 cigarettes per day | 694 (7.4) | 727 (5.6) | 1421 (6.3) | ||
  6–10 cigarettes per day | 1971 (21.0) | 1732 (13.3) | 3703 (16.5) | ||
  1–5 cigarettes per day | 1963 (20.9) | 1726 (13.2) | 3689 (16.4) | ||
  No smoking | 4626 (49.2) | 8737 (66.9) | 13,363 (59.5) | ||
 Alcohol consumption/week | |||||
  Every day | 992 (10.6) | 1017 (7.8) | 2009 (8.9) | 1024.661 | < 0.001 |
  4–6 days/week | 1813 (19.3) | 1386 (10.6) | 3199 (14.2) | ||
  2–3 days/week | 2309 (24.6) | 2214 (17.0) | 4523 (20.1) | ||
  ≤ 1 day/week | 1537 (16.3) | 2021 (15.5) | 3558 (15.8) | ||
  No drinking | 2751 (29.3) | 6419 (49.2) | 9170 (40.8) | ||
 Sleep duration/day (including lunch break) | |||||
  < 5 h/day | 800 (8.5) | 777 (6.0) | 1577 (7.0) | 231.381 | < 0.001 |
  5–6 h/day | 1799 (19.1) | 1867 (14.3) | 3666 (16.3) | ||
  6–7 h/day | 3000 (31.9) | 3986 (30.5) | 6986 (31.1) | ||
  7–8 h/day | 2851 (30.3) | 4668 (35.8) | 7519 (33.5) | ||
  > 8 h/day | 952 (10.1) | 1759 (13.5) | 2711 (12.1) | ||
 Physical exercise time/week | |||||
  < 30 min/week | 1682 (17.9) | 3772 (28.9) | 5454 (24.3) | 424.613 | < 0.001 |
  30 min–1 h/week | 3401 (36.2) | 4614 (35.3) | 8015 (35.7) | ||
  1–2 h/week | 2752 (29.3) | 2907 (22.3) | 5659 (25.2) | ||
  2–3 h/week | 1081 (11.5) | 1136 (8.7) | 2217 (9.9) | ||
  > 3 h/week | 486 (5.2) | 628 (4.8) | 1114 (5.0) | ||