Table 4 Association between food safety knowledge, attitude, and hygiene practice and respondent’s socio-demographic characteristics (n = 407)
| Â | Food safety knowledge | Â | Food safety attitude | Â | Â | Food safety hygiene practices | Â | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Good = 274 | Poor = 133 | χ2 | p value | Good = 237 | Poor = 170 | χ2 | p value | Good = 256 | Poor = 151 | χ2 | p value |
| Â | n (%) | n (%) | Â | Â | n (%) | n (%) | Â | Â | n (%) | n (%) | Â | Â |
Gender | Â | Â | 0.00 | 0.980 | Â | Â | 0.57 | 0.451 | Â | Â | 0.40 | 0.525 |
 Male | 43 (15.7) | 21 (15.8) |  |  | 40 (16.9) | 24 (14.1) |  |  | 38 (14.8) | 26 (17.2) |  |  |
 Female | 231 (84.3) | 112 (84.2) |  |  | 197 (83.1) | 146 (85.9) |  |  | 218 (85.2) | 125 (82.8) |  |  |
Age group | Â | Â | 3.38 | 0.336 | Â | Â | 0.63 | 0.890 | Â | Â | 1.65 | 0.648 |
 < 26 years | 33 (12.0) | 23 (17.3) |  |  | 32 (13.5) | 24 (14.1) |  |  | 38 (14.8) | 18 (11.9) |  |  |
 26–35 years | 110 (40.1) | 43 (32.3) |  |  | 90 (38.0) | 63 (37.1) |  |  | 99 (38.7) | 54 (35.8) |  |  |
 36–45 years | 91 (33.2) | 46 (34.6) |  |  | 82 (34.6) | 55 (32.4) |  |  | 81 (31.6) | 56 (37.1) |  |  |
 > 45 years | 40 (14.6) | 21 (15.8) |  |  | 33 (13.9) | 28 (16.5) |  |  | 38 (14.8) | 23 (15.2) |  |  |
Marital status | Â | Â | 0.84 | 0.657 | Â | Â | 0.35 | 0.840 | Â | Â | 1.40 | 0.496 |
 Single | 54 (19.7) | 28 (21.1) |  |  | 49 (20.7) | 33 (19.4) |  |  | 56 (21.9) | 26 (17.2) |  |  |
 Married | 212 (77.4) | 99 (74.4) |  |  | 179 (75.5) | 132 (77.6) |  |  | 192 (75.0) | 119 (78.8) |  |  |
 Separated | 8 (2.9) | 6 (4.5) |  |  | 9 (3.8) | 5 (2.9) |  |  | 8 (3.1) | 6 (4.0) |  |  |
Educational status | Â | 3.58 | 0.311 | Â | Â | 2.88 | 0.411 | Â | Â | 15.60 | 0.001 | |
 None | 45 (16.4) | 31 (23.3) |  |  | 43 (18.1) | 33 (19.4) |  |  | 46 (18.0) | 30 (19.9) |  |  |
 Primary | 79 (28.8) | 40 (30.1) |  |  | 74 (31.2) | 45 (26.5) |  |  | 92 (35.9) | 27 (17.9) |  |  |
 Secondary | 103 (37.6) | 41 (30.8) |  |  | 86 (36.3) | 58 (34.1) |  |  | 81 (31.6) | 63 (41.7) |  |  |
 Tertiary | 47 (17.2) | 21 (15.8) |  |  | 34 (14.3) | 34 (20.0) |  |  | 37 (14.5) | 31 (20.5) |  |  |
Average monthly income | Â | 1.35 | 0.716 | Â | Â | 2.95 | 0.399 | Â | Â | 16.40 | 0.001 | |
 < Ghc500 | 28 (10.2) | 15 (11.3) |  |  | 25 (10.5) | 18 (10.6) |  |  | 32 (12.5) | 11 (7.3) |  |  |
 Ghc501–1000 | 115 (42.0) | 53 (39.8) |  |  | 100 (42.2) | 68 (40.0) |  |  | 120 (46.9) | 48 (31.8) |  |  |
 Ghc1001–1500 | 67 (24.5) | 28 (21.1) |  |  | 60 (25.3) | 35 (20.6) |  |  | 53 (20.7) | 42 (27.8) |  |  |
 > Ghc1500 | 64 (23.4) | 37 (27.8) |  |  | 52 (21.9) | 49 (28.8) |  |  | 51 (19.9) | 50 (33.1) |  |  |
Work experience | Â | Â | 3.53 | 0.317 | Â | Â | 3.99 | 0.263 | Â | Â | 2.54 | 0.467 |
 < 3 years | 60 (21.9) | 34 (25.6) |  |  | 53 (22.4) | 41 (24.1) |  |  | 60 (23.4) | 34 (22.5) |  |  |
 3–10 years | 143 (52.2) | 74 (55.6) |  |  | 120 (50.6) | 97 (57.1) |  |  | 131 (51.2) | 86 (57.0) |  |  |
 11–20 years | 56 (20.4) | 22 (16.5) |  |  | 51 (21.5) | 27 (15.9) |  |  | 51 (19.9) | 27 (17.9) |  |  |
 > 20 years | 15 (5.5) | 3 (2.3) |  |  | 13 (5.5) | 5 (2.9) |  |  | 14 (5.5) | 4 (2.6) |  |  |
Street-cooked food hander registered | 4.64 | 0.031 | Â | Â | 1.31 | 0.253 | Â | Â | 42.42 | <0.001 | ||
 Yes | 209 (76.3) | 88 (66.2) |  |  | 178 (75.1) | 119 (70.0) |  |  | 215 (84.0) | 82 (54.3) |  |  |
 No | 65 (23.7) | 45 (33.8) |  |  | 59 (24.9) | 51 (30.0) |  |  | 41 (16.0) | 69 (45.7) |  |  |
Food safety training course | Â | 1.37 | 0.241 | Â | Â | 3.50 | 0.062 | Â | Â | 36.96 | <0.001 | |
 Yes | 115 (42.0) | 64 (48.1) |  |  | 95 (40.1) | 84 (49.4) |  |  | 142 (55.5) | 37 (24.5) |  |  |
 No | 159 (58.0) | 69 (51.9) |  |  | 142 (59.9) | 86 (50.6) |  |  | 114 (44.5) | 114 (75.5) |  |  |