Table 4 The effect of SES on the z-score of body mass index (z-BMI) with mediators of parental obesity and the proportion of diet

Income→Mother with obesity→z-BMI

− 0.028**

0.100***

− 0.003**

0.071 (0.055, 0.088)***

0.068 (0.052, 0.085)***

4.41

Income→Father with obesity→z-BMI

0.049***

0.115***

0.006***

0.063 (0.047, 0.080)***

0.069 (0.053, 0.086)***

8.70

Income→The proportion of vegetables→z-BMI

− 0.003

0.045***

− 0.0001

0.068 (0.052, 0.085)***

0.068 (0.052, 0.085)***

0.15

Income→The proportion of red meat→z-BMI

0.068***

0.057***

0.004***

0.065 (0.049, 0.082)***

0.069 (0.053, 0.086)***

6.15

Income→The proportion of nutritional supplements→z-BMI

− 0.055***

− 0.040***

0.002***

0.067 (0.050, 0.084)***

0.069 (0.052, 0.086)***

2.90

Father education→Mother with obesity→z-BMI

− 0.023*

0.100***

− 0.002*

0.077 (0.061, 0.094)***

0.075 (0.059, 0.091)***

2.67

Father education→Father with obesity→z-BMI

0.048***

0.115***

0.006***

0.072 (0.055, 0.088)***

0.077 (0.061, 0.093)***

7.79

Father education→The proportion of vegetables→z-BMI

0.012

0.044***

0.001

0.076(0.060, 0.093)***

0.077 (0.061, 0.094)***

1.30

Father education→The proportion of red meat→z-BMI

0.065***

0.056***

0.004***

0.073 (0.057, 0.090)***

0.077 (0.061. 0.094)***

5.19

Father education→The proportion of nutritional supplements→z-BMI

− 0.077***

− 0.038***

0.003***

0.074 (0.057, 0.091)***

0.077 (0.061. 0.094)***

3.90

Region (Urban or suburban vs. rural)→Mother with obesity→z-BMI

− 0.009

0.099***

− 0.001

0.124(0.108, 0.139)***

0.123(0.108, 0.139)***

0.81

Region (Urban or suburban vs. rural)→Father with obesity→z-BMI

0.023*

0.116***

0.003*

0.124(0.108, 0.140)***

0.127(0.111, 0.143)***

2.36

Region (Urban or suburban vs. rural)→The proportion of vegetables→z-BMI

0.050***

0.037***

0.002***

0.127(0.111, 0.144)***

0.129(0.113, 0.146)***

1.55

Region (Urban or suburban vs. rural)→The proportion of red meat→z-BMI

0.062***

0.053***

0.003***

0.126(0.110, 0.143)***

0.129(0.113, 0.146)***

2.33

Region (Urban or suburban vs. rural)→The proportion of nutritional supplements→z-BMI

− 0.091***

− 0.032***

0.003***

0.126(0.110, 0.143)***

0.129(0.113, 0.146)***

2.33