Table 1 Descriptive data of included studies
Author, Year | Province | Design | Year of study | Population | Language | Sample size | Prevalence | Summary data for each study | Level of quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Safaeian, 2019 [58] | Isfahan | CSS | 2016 | HCW | Persian | 200 | NR | Main risk factors related to NSI: Social support [odds ratio (OR) = 0.85, P < 0.001], psychosocial demand (OR = 1.07, P = 0.001), gender (OR = 0.44, P = 0.010), the dominant hand (OR = 0.52, P = 0.040), and participation in educational classes (OR = 0.24; P = 0.005) | High |
Bagheri Hosseinabadi, 2019 [28] | Babol, Kerman, Mashhad, and Hamedan. | CSS | 2015–2016 | HCW | English | 616 | NR | Needlestick injuries showed a significant relation with age gender, work experience, and number of shifts in a month | High |
Salmanzadeh, 2016 [59] | Dasht-e-Azadegan | CSS | 2011 | HCW | English | 377 | 18.3 | The highest frequency of needlestick injuries was observed at the night shifts (47.8%) and at the end of the shifts (64.70%). | Medium |
Jahangiri, 2016 [15] | Shiraz | CSS | 2014 | HCW | English | 168 | 76.0 | A statistically significant relationship was found between the occurrence of NSIs and hours worked/week, sex, and frequency of shifts/month. | High |
Mahmoudi, 2015 [48] | Tehran | CSS | 2012 | HCW | English | 100 | 41.0 | The relationship between occupational exposure to hospital sharp tools and age, experience, education, and place of work was significant with P = 0.006, 0.017, 0.027, and 0.008, respectively. | Medium |
Izadi, 2015 [45] | Tehran | CSS | 2011–2012 | HCW | English | 309 | 26.8 | The incidence rate of NSIs in the HCWs on rotational shift work (90.4%) was higher than that among their counterparts on fixed shift work (9.6%). | Medium |
Hajivandi, 2015 [40] | Bushehr | CSS | 2013 | HCW | Persian | 68 | 58.8 | Sharp injury events occurred more frequently at the hours from 11:00 to 14:00 and after 16:00. | Medium |
Ghasemzadeh, 2015 [37] | Hormozgan | CSS | 2012–2013 | SN | English | 377 | 39.3 | A significant relationship was found between workplace and the NSI. Sixty-three (42.6%) of the injured students were interns in the emergency department (P value < 0.001). | Medium |
Balouchi, 2015 [29] | Kerman | CSS | 2014–2015 | HCW | English | 200 | 64.0 | The results of Spearman’s correlation coefficient test showed no statistically significant relationships between the history of needlestick injuries and variables including work experience, age, and the number of shifts per month. | Medium |
Mirzaei-Alavijeh, 2014 [50] | Kermanshah | CSS | 2013 | HCW | English | 58 | 41.4 | Logistic regression showed that sex (OR = 2.872) and job stress (OR = 1.503) could predict NSI. | Medium |
Mehrdad, 2014 [49] | Tehran | CSS | 2012 | HCW | English | 339 | 58.1 | There is a significant association between increasing psychosocial factors at work and exposure to blood-borne pathogens. | High |
Lakbala, 2014 [46] | Hormozgan | CSS | 2013 | HCW | English | 215 | 89.3 | The commonest reasons for non-compliance with NSI local protocols were not being sure of the local protocols (20.4%) and prolonged operation so unable to leave operation table (17.3%). | Medium |
Ghanei Gheshlagh, 2014 [35] | Saqqez | CSS | 2014 | HCW | Persian | 120 | 44.2 | Comparing with other HCWs, those with needlestick injury were younger (P = 0.01) and had less work experience (P = 0.03). | Medium |
Shoghli, 2013Â [62] | Zanjan | CSS | 2011 | HCW | Persian | 600 | 53.6 | The frequency of NSI had a reverse relationship with age and work history, and it was significantly higher in male workers. | High |
Rezaei, 2013 [57] | Tehran | CSS | 2006–2009 | HCW | English | 514 | 26.0 | There was no statistically significant difference in demographic variables except in work experience between two groups. | Medium |
Gholami, 2013 [38] | Neyshabur | CSS | 2011 | HCW | English | 384 | 32.0 | Age (OR = 0.551, 95% CI 0.325–0.934) and number of shifts per month (OR=2.404, 95% CI 1.389–4.160) were found to be significantly associated with occurrence of needlestick and sharps injuries. | Medium |
Adib-Hajbaghery, 2013 [22] | Kashan | CSS | 2012 | HCW | English | 298 | 38.3 | 32.5% of injuries from sharp instruments occurred in the morning shift. | High |
Ehsani, 2013 [33] | Tehran | CSS | 2009 | HCW | English | 328 | 45.12 | There were significant associations between the staff age as well as the ward with the extent of injuries. | Medium |
Tirgar, 2012 [63] | Babol | CSS | 2010 | HCW | Persian | 340 | 59.7 | Statistical analysis showed that age, work experience, and received educational course could be associated with NSI. | Medium |
Sharifian, 2012 [60] | Tehran | CSS | 2008–2009 | HCW | Persian | 350 | 19.7 | There was no statistically difference between job stress and NSI (P = 0.374). | Medium |
Hashemi, 2012 [41] | Hamedan | CSS | 2010 | HCW | Persian | 700 | 24.1 | Statistical analysis showed that gender (female) and age group [30–34] could be associated with NSI. | Medium |
Ghannad, 2012 [36] | Hamedan | CSS | 2007–2008 | HCW | English | 89 | NR | The most exposed age group was 25–34 years (51.6%). | Medium |
Bijani, 2012 [30] | Qazvin | CSS | 2009 | HCW | Persian | 246 | 31.3 | Statistical analysis showed that work load could be associated with NSI. | Medium |
Shiva, 2011 [61] | Tehran | CSS | 2009 | PHCP | English | 355 | 49.3 | Needlestick injuries are common among pediatric healthcare personnel, and their knowledge about prevention strategies is suboptimal. | Medium |
Mohammadi, 2011 [51] | Qazvin | CSS | 2008 | HCW | English | 138 | 52.9 | The rate of NSI was significantly higher in the general surgery ward. | High |
Bijani, 2011 [31] | Qazvin | CSS | 2009 | HCW | Persian | 172 | 32.0 | There was no statistically significant relationship between needlestick injuries and educational level, gender, and related training courses, but there was a statistically significant relationship between the injuries and the number of continuous shifts. | Medium |
Azadi, 2011 [27] | Tehran | CSS | 2009 | HCW | English | 111 | 45.9 | Statistical analysis showed that gender (female), age group [26–30], and HBV vaccination could be associated with NSI. | Medium |
Moradi, 2010 [52] | Bahar | CSS | 2008 | HCW | Persian | 182 | 48.9 | The risk of occupational injuries increased as the work experience increased (OR = 1.07, CI = 1.03–1.12). There was no significant relationship between employees' sex and age, and occupational injuries. | Medium |
Heidari, 2010 [42] | Borujen and Lordegan | CSS | 2007–2008 | HCW | Persian | 77 | 45.4 | The needlestick exposure was not significantly different between males and females. | Medium |
Gholami, 2010 [39] | Urmia | CSS | 2008 | HCW | Persian | 400 | 26.7 | Needlestick injuries in females and males were 28% and 24%, respectively. Most of the injuries were created by needle (47.3%) and anjiocat needle (19.9%). | Medium |
Galougahi, 2010 [34] | Tehran | CSS | 2008 | HCW | English | 158 | 56.9 | There was no relationship between age, gender, years of professional life, and education level, and NSI. | Medium |
Mohammadnejad, 2010 [43] | Tehran | CSS | 2008 | HCW | Persian | 218 | 43.1 | Statistical analysis showed that work experience could be associated with NSI. | Medium |
Rakhshani, 2009 [56] | Zahedan | CSS | 2007 | HCW | Persian | 231 | 64.9 | Statistical analysis showed that education level and work experience could be associated with NSI. | High |
Abdi, 2009 [21] | Jahrom | CSS | 2006–2007 | HCW | Persian | 298 | 48.3 | Most of the NSIs were related to HCWs with rotated working shifts.. | Medium |
Mohammadnejad, 2009 [44] | Tehran | CSS | 2006 | HCW | Persian | 68 | 47.0 | There were significant associations between the staff age as well as the work experience with the extent of injuries. | Medium |
Jonaidi Jafari, 2008 [54] | Tehran | CSS | 2007 | HCW | Persian | 613 | 32.7 | There was significant associations between the workplace section and NSI. | Medium |
Lotfi, 2008 [47] | Astara | CSS | 2006 | HCW | Persian | 90 | 67.0 | Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the most important risk factor for needlestick injuries was working night shifts, (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.5–4.8). Other important risk factor including lack of training on such injuries (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.1–3.4), number of patients attended daily or nightly (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.1–2.8), and recapping needles (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.1–2.3). | Medium |
Askarian, 2008 [24] | Fars | CSS | 2006–2007 | HCW | English | 2118 | 35.2 | NSIs were independently associated with gender, professional level, and hospital location. | High |
Ebrahimi, 2007Â [32] | Shahroud | CSS | 2005 | HCW | English | 180 | 63.3 | There were significant associations between the staff gender as well as the work experience and the extent of injuries. | Medium |
Azadi, 2007 [26] | Tehran | CSS | 2005 | HCW | Persian | 111 | 46.0 | Statistical analysis showed that gender (female), age, and work experience was associated with NSIs. | Medium |
Vahedi, 2006 [64] | Kurdistan | CSS | 2004 | HCW | Persian | 847 | 43.5 | There was significant associations between the work load and NSI. | Medium |
Nejadrahim, 2005 [55] | Urmia | CSS | 2004 | HCW | Persian | 434 | 52.5 | 57.3% of women and 45.3% of men had at least 1 event of NSI in the last year which showed a meaningful statistical difference (P value = 0.015). | Medium |
Nazmieh, 2005 [54] | Yazd | CSS | 2003–2004 | HCW | Persian | 1020 | 38.7 | There were significant statistical correlations between the variables of the injuries and age, as well as the injuries with occupational groups and work settings (P = 0.04, 0.000, and 0.000), respectively. | Medium |