Cross-sectional survey of depressive symptoms and suicide-related ideation at a Japanese national university during the COVID-19 stay-home order

Table 3 Risk and protective factors for depressive symptoms

	Moderate-severe level depression				p	Suicide-related ideation				p	Severe suicide-related ideation				p
	(+)		(−)			(+)		(−)			(+)		(−)
	n	%	n	%		n	%	n	%		n	%	n	%
Sex					0.533					0.865					0.318
Women	135	48	986	46		73	45	1038	46		24	53	1087	46
Men	147	52	1162	54		88	55	1217	54		21	47	1284	54
Age					0.009					0.138					0.060
<20	100	35	943	44		60	37	975	43		13	29	1022	43
20−	182	65	1218	56		102	63	1292	57		32	71	1362	57
Hometown					0.004					0.226					0.642
Outside Akita	189	67	1248	58		88	54	1342	59		28	62	1402	59
Within Akita	94	33	913	42		74	46	926	41		17	38	983	41
Living alone					0.002					0.745					0.505
Alone	193	70	1281	60		99	62	1368	61		29	66	1438	61
Not alone	84	30	859	40		60	38	876	39		15	34	921	39
Exercise					<.001					0.006					0.011
Highest quartile	49	19	502	26		28	19	484	24		7	17	541	25
Second highest quartile	54	21	497	26		30	21	518	25		9	22	541	25
Second lowest quartile	62	24	492	25		34	23	520	25		6	15	546	25
Lowest quartile	93	36	447	23		53	37	520	25		19	46	518	24
Smoking					<.001					0.009					0.003
Current	19	7	52	2		9	6	62	3		5	11	66	3
Past	12	4	46	2		8	5	50	2		2	4	56	2
Never	252	89	2062	95		145	90	2155	95		38	84	2262	95
Alcohol					<.001					<.001					<0.001
5-7/week	13	5	33	2		9	6	37	2		4	9	42	2
3-4/week	16	6	73	3		11	7	77	3		6	13	82	3
1-2/week	62	22	419	19		28	17	452	20		7	16	473	20
Never~seldom	192	68	1631	76		114	70	1697	75		28	62	1783	75
Social network service daily use
Either sound or video	73	26	379	18	<.001	37	23	411	18	0.1339	12	27	436	18	0.150
Worries					<.001					0.0025					0.303
Financial strain	63	22	465	22		39	24	487	22		10	23	516	22
Academic record	80	28	492	23		43	27	526	23		12	27	557	23
Leisure	56	20	628	29		36	22	642	28		10	23	668	28
Social support	56	20	301	14		35	22	321	14		10	23	346	15
Physical activity	26	9	270	13		8	5	287	13		2	5	293	12
Anyone to consult about worries					<.001					<.001					<0.001
Yes	148	52	1760	81		75	46	1821	80		24	53	1872	79
None	135	48	400	19		87	54	446	20		21	47	512	21

ISSN: 1347-4715