China | Italy | Japan | Korea | UK | US | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | |
Age group | ||||||
Under 65 years old | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
Over 65 years old | 2.78 (1.29–6.55)d | 1.89 (0.84–4.88) | 1.15 (0.57–2.49) | 1.22 (0.65–2.41) | 1.28 (0.60–3.01) | 1.38 (0.80–2.47) |
Sex | ||||||
Female | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
Male | 0.81 (0.52–1.26) | 0.82 (0.49–1.37) | 0.33 (0.19–0.58)b | 0.93 (0.60–1.42) | 0.91 (0.57–1.45) | 0.54 (0.36–0.82)c |
Use public transportation | ||||||
No | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
Yes | 0.09 (0.06–0.15)b | 0.07 (0.04–0.12)b | 0.23 (0.13–0.39)b | 0.15 (0.10–0.23)b | 0.07 (0.04–0.11)b | 0.07 (0.04–0.11)b |
Living urban | ||||||
No | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
Yes | 1.64 (0.99–2.70) | 0.43 (0.24–0.75)c | 0.88 (0.51–1.55) | 2.24 (1.45–3.46)b | 0.49 (0.31–0.78)c | 1.45 (0.96–2.24) |
Living alone | ||||||
No | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
Yes | 0.84 (0.53–1.34) | 0.51 (0.29–0.94)d | 1.12 (0.61–2.16) | 1.10 (0.62–2.04) | 1.75 (1.01–3.11) | 0.82 (0.51–1.32) |
Income group | ||||||
1st quintile | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
2nd quintile | 0.95 (0.48–1.89) | 0.64 (0.27–1.50) | 2.02 (0.81–5.06) | 0.90 (0.46–1.76) | 0.75 (0.35–1.59) | 0.68 (0.34–1.36) |
3rd quintile | 0.53 (0.27–1.05) | 0.71 (0.31–1.58) | 1.12 (0.48–2.56) | 0.65 (0.35–1.19) | 0.76 (0.36–1.58) | 0.81 (0.41–1.61) |
4th quintile | 0.96 (0.46–2.01) | 0.75 (0.33–1.67) | 0.94 (0.40–2.14) | 1.08 (0.55–2.14) | 0.81 (0.37–1.77) | 0.64 (0.33–1.23) |
5th quintile | 1.10 (0.52–2.36) | 0.95 (0.38–2.43) | 1.15 (0.45–2.93) | 0.80 (0.40–1.60) | 0.73 (0.34–1.51) | 0.49 (0.24–0.97)d |
Feeling anxiety | ||||||
No | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
Yes | 1.10 (0.70–1.73) | 0.63 (0.37–1.06) | 1.10 (0.64–1.87) | 1.10 (0.73–1.67) | 1.19 (0.75–1.91) | 1.12 (0.75–1.70) |
Perceived susceptibilitya | 0.74 (0.66–0.83)b | 0.96 (0.86–1.07) | 0.85 (0.77–0.95)c | 0.81 (0.73–0.91)b | 0.97 (0.89–1.06) | 0.83 (0.77–0.90)b |
Perceived severitya | 1.27 (1.16–1.41)b | 0.98 (0.89–1.09) | 0.97 (0.87–1.08) | 1.05 (0.97–1.14) | 0.92 (0.84–1.00) | 1.11 (1.03–1.19)c |
Perceived effectiveness | ||||||
Not effective at all | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
Slightly effective | 0.73 (0.20–2.66) | 0.70 (0.17–2.68) | 0.42 (0.10–1.53) | 1.39 (0.33–5.64) | 1.46 (0.42–5.05) | 2.25 (0.81–6.27) |
Moderately effective | 1.09 (0.36–3.02) | 0.95 (0.26–3.25) | 0.41 (0.11–1.21) | 2.53 (0.68–9.10) | 0.85 (0.30–2.27) | 3.86 (1.48–9.97)c |
Very effective | 2.39 (0.79–6.56) | 4.48 (1.25–14.99)d | 0.86 (0.22–2.74) | 3.38 (0.97–11.21)d | 2.08 (0.76–5.52) | 4.16 (1.70–10.00)c |
Extremely effective | 3.79 (1.28–10.23)d | 3.09 (0.94–9.09) | 1.28 (0.34–3.82) | 6.18 (1.77–20.60)c | 4.45 (1.63–11.63)c | 4.34 (1.84–9.95)b |