China | Italy | Japan | Korea | UK | US | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | |
Age group | ||||||
Under 65 years old | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
Over 65 years old | 1.75 (0.71–5.11) | 1.74 (0.56–7.64) | 2.47 (1.27–5.21)d | 0.55 (0.26–1.28) | 3.50 (0.66–64.78) | 2.20 (0.70–9.77) |
Sex | ||||||
Female | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
Male | 0.56 (0.31–0.98)d | 0.55 (0.23–1.23) | 0.32 (0.19–0.53)b | 0.52 (0.26–1.00) | 0.43 (0.16–1.06) | 0.47 (0.21–1.01) |
Use public transportation | ||||||
No | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
Yes | 0.78 (0.44–1.43) | 0.89 (0.30–3.34) | 1.62 (0.96–2.82) | 1.33 (0.70–2.63) | 0.53 (0.22–1.34) | 0.51 (0.24–1.10) |
Living urban | ||||||
No | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
Yes | 1.29 (0.66–2.43) | 1.31 (0.57–2.96) | 0.66 (0.40–1.10) | 0.51 (0.25–1.00) | 0.57 (0.23–1.39) | 1.01 (0.48–2.09) |
Living alone | ||||||
No | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
Yes | 0.73 (0.41–1.32) | 0.52 (0.22–1.36) | 0.50 (0.31–0.82)c | 1.10 (0.49–2.65) | 2.49 (0.91–8.15) | 0.86 (0.41–1.90) |
Income group | ||||||
1st quintile | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
2nd quintile | 0.51 (0.21–1.15) | 0.52 (0.14–1.81) | 1.02 (0.53–1.96) | 2.71 (1.00–8.69) | 1.00 (0.27–3.61) | 2.35 (0.74–8.33) |
3rd quintile | 0.96 (0.37–2.45) | 0.96 (0.26–3.42) | 1.49 (0.75–2.99) | 2.25 (0.93–5.86) | 1.87 (0.46–8.05) | 4.33 (1.17–21.04)d |
4th quintile | 0.73 (0.28–1.89) | 1.10 (0.29–3.93) | 2.57 (1.15–6.11)d | 2.00 (0.86–4.86) | 4.64 (0.90–35.01) | 1.04 (0.38–2.70) |
5th quintile | 0.90 (0.33–2.51) | 0.88 (0.21–3.90) | 1.11 (0.52–2.38) | 3.50 (1.27–11.37)d | 1.09 (0.31–3.53) | 1.63 (0.55–4.88) |
Feeling anxiety | ||||||
No | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
Yes | 2.05 (1.15–3.80)d | 1.36 (0.59–3.35) | 1.74 (1.09–2.83)d | 1.16 (0.61–2.22) | 0.84 (0.35–2.07) | 1.06 (0.52–2.23) |
Perceived susceptibilitya | 0.81 (0.71–0.91)b | 0.99 (0.84–1.18) | 0.98 (0.90–1.09) | 0.77 (0.66–0.90)b | 1.05 (0.89–1.27) | 0.91 (0.80–1.03) |
Perceived severitya | 1.02 (0.93–1.13) | 1.05 (0.90–1.25) | 0.96 (0.88–1.06) | 1.12 (0.98–1.30) | 1.01 (0.85–1.21) | 0.92 (0.81–1.06) |
Perceived effectiveness | ||||||
Not effective at all | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
Slightly effective | 0.40 (0.02–2.92) | 1.85 (0.41–7.86) | 3.00 (0.97–9.33) | 4.55 (0.65–35.65) | 1.01 (0.18–4.64) | 1.45 (0.28–6.80) |
Moderately effective | 0.38 (0.02–2.08) | 6.84 (1.51–28.73)c | 4.53 (1.53–13.43)c | 2.10 (0.40–10.27) | 3.37 (0.62–15.17) | 4.26 (0.82–20.61) |
Very effective | 0.79 (0.04–4.26) | 16.15 (3.52–68.93)b | 7.75 (2.60–23.09)b | 8.28 (1.57–41.10)c | 3.35 (0.64–13.93) | 6.35 (1.32–26.81)d |
Extremely effective | 3.68 (0.18–25.36) | 16.39 (3.56–70.18)b | 12.24 (4.03–37.35)b | 12.41 (2.02–76.39)c | 18.04 (2.60–152.78)c | 10.56 (2.21–44.32)c |