Association between the type of physical activity and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older adult residents of a semi-mountainous area in Japan

Table 5 Mean differences in the risk factors for metabolic syndrome by physical activity type in sex-stratified analyses

		Without daily physical activity				With daily physical activity
		Without exercise		With exercise		Without exercise		With exercise
		(I-type)^a		(E-type)^a		(D-type)^a		(F-type)^a
	n	mean	SD	mean	SD	mean	SD	mean	SD	P^b
Men (n = 269)		I-type (n = 112)		E-type (n = 15)		D-type (n = 53)		F-type (n = 89)
Body mass index, kg/m²	269	23.5	3.2	24.4	4.0	23.0	2.7	23.1	2.8	0.354
Waist circumference, cm	269	85.7	8.7	86.8	10.2	83.9	6.8	84.4	7.4	0.334
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	269	131.1	17.3	135.5	17.9	128.5	16.4	132.6	15.3	0.472
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	269	77.0	10.9	78.7	10.7	75.2	13.0	76.3	10.3	0.669
Triglyceride, mg/dL	269	142.9	86.4	143.1	68.0	119.4	60.7	130.7	91.8	0.203
HDL-C, mg/dL	269	56.7	17.4	54.1	16.0	59.3	15.5	60.2	13.4	0.291
LDL-C, mg/dL	269	118.1	31.3	105.3	35.1	124.0	29.2	115.3	29.6	0.162
HbA1c, %	234	6.1	1.0	5.8	0.5	5.9	0.6	5.9	0.7	0.431
Women (n = 367)		I-type (n = 162)		E-type (n = 32)		D-type (n = 84)		F-type (n = 89)
Body mass index, kg/m²	367	22.6^c	3.8	22.6	2.8	21.2^c	3.0	21.7	3.4	0.008
Waist circumference, cm	367	82.8^d	10.5	83.4	8.3	78.2^d	8.1	81.0	10.0	0.003
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	367	130.7	15.1	132.1	15.4	126.9	18.8	128.8	14.9	0.243
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	367	73.9	10.2	74.9	10.2	72.4	11.0	72.3	10.4	0.443
Triglyceride, mg/dL	367	108.0	58.8	105.3	58.3	95.4	56.9	97.8	53.9	0.328
HDL-C, mg/dL	367	67.1^e	16.1	68.7	20.5	73.2^e	17.2	67.4	14.0	0.043
LDL-C, mg/dL	367	125.4^f	30.8	121.0	31.7	117.8	31.2	109.3^f	22.2	0.002
HbA1c, %	302	5.8	0.5	5.9	0.6	5.7	0.4	5.7	0.3	0.116

HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin
^aI-type, D-type, E-type, and F-type: see Table 1
^bP One-way analysis of variance adjusted by age. Boldface indicates statistically significant differences
Tukey’s honest significant difference test for multiple comparisons: ^cP < 0.01 between I-type and D-type; ^dP < 0.01 between I-type and D-type; ^eP < 0.05 between I-type and D-type; ^fP < 0.001 between I-type and F-type

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