Association between the type of physical activity and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older adult residents of a semi-mountainous area in Japan

Table 2 Participant characteristics and physical activities (n = 636)

	Men (n = 269, 42.3%)		Women (n = 367, 57.7%)		P for sex-related differences^c
	n	(%)	n	(%)	P for sex-related differences^c
Q1. Exercise^a
With	104	(38.7)	121	(33.0)	0.154
without	165	(61.3)	246	(67.0)
Q2. Daily physical activity^a
With	142	(52.8)	173	(47.1)	0.173
Without	147	(54.6)	194	(52.9)
Metabolic syndrome^b
Case	123	(45.7)	58	(15.8)	<0.001
Non-case	146	(54.3)	309	(84.2)
	mean	(SD)	mean	(SD)
Age, years	66.1	(7.8)	66.3	(7.1)	0.001
Body mass index, kg/m²	23.3	(3.0)	22.1	(3.5)	0.017
Waist circumference, cm	85.0	(8.0)	81.4	(9.8)	0.014
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	131.3	(16.5)	129.5	(16.0)	0.004
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	76.5	(11.1)	73.3	(10.5)	0.014
Triglyceride, mg/dL	135.5	(88.2)	102.4	(57.2)	0.088
HDL-C, mg/dL	58.2	(15.8)	68.7	(16.4)	0.052
LDL-C, mg/dL	117.6	(30.7)	119.4	(29.7)	0.005
HbA1c, %	6.0	(0.8)	5.8	(0.5)	0.011

HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin
^a”Q1. Exercise" and "Q2. Daily physical activity”: see Table 1
^bMetabolic syndrome: case (metabolic syndrome and pre-metabolic syndrome), non-case (non-metabolic syndrome)
^cP for sex-related difference, independent t-test for continuous variables, or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. Boldface indicates statistically significant differences

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