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Table 1 Distribution of study participants by sociodemographic characteristics

From: Time trends of socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent smoking in Okinawa, Japan, 2008–2016: a repeated cross-sectional study

Survey year

  

All years

2008

2012

2016

 

N

(%)

N

(%)

N

(%)

N

(%)

P a

Total

 

7902

(100)

2528

(100)

2651

(100)

2723

(100)

 

Gender

Boys

3742

(47.4)

1230

(48.7)

1218

(45.9)

1294

(47.5)

0.145

Girls

4160

(52.6)

1298

(51.3)

1433

(54.1)

1429

(52.5)

Grade

10th

2662

(33.7)

873

(34.5)

914

(34.5)

875

(32.1)

0.212

11th

2650

(33.5)

856

(33.9)

873

(32.9)

921

(33.8)

12th

2590

(32.8)

799

(31.6)

864

(32.6)

927

(34.0)

Region

Okinawa Island

7005

(88.6)

2183

(86.4)

2370

(89.4)

2452

(90.0)

<0.001

Remote islands

897

(11.4)

345

(13.6)

281

(10.6)

271

(10.0)

Parental education

High

2579

(32.6)

772

(30.5)

962

(36.3)

845

(31.0)

<0.001

Middle

1937

(24.5)

613

(24.3)

595

(22.4)

729

(26.8)

Low

3386

(42.9)

1143

(45.2)

1094

(41.3)

1149

(42.2)

Family structure

Both parents

5670

(71.8)

1840

(72.8)

1911

(72.1)

1919

(70.5)

0.038

Others

395

(5.0)

128

(5.1)

146

(5.5)

121

(4.4)

Single parent

1837

(23.2)

560

(22.2)

594

(22.4)

683

(25.1)

School type

General HS

5391

(68.2)

1701

(67.3)

1839

(69.4)

1851

(68.0)

0.258

Vocational HS

2511

(31.8)

827

(32.7)

812

(30.6)

872

(32.0)

  1. HS high school
  2. aChi-square test