Table 2 Age and sex-adjusted means of parameters stratified by serum albumin groups

Number

31

355

632

345

Albumin (g/dL)

3.81 ± 0.02

4.21 ± 0.01

4.50 ± 0.01

4.80 ± 0.01

< 0.001

Body mass index (kg/m²)

22.5 ± 0.6

23.3 ± 0.2

23.0 ± 0.1

22.8 ± 0.2

0.290

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

131.5 ± 3.6

134.2 ± 1.0

139.9 ± 0.8

142.9 ± 1.1

< 0.001

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

72.5 ± 2.0

77.5 ± 0.6

80.3 ± 0.4

82.8 ± 0.61

< 0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

176.1 ± 6.1

200.5 ± 1.8

209.0 ± 1.3

219.1 ± 1.8

< 0.001

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

59 ± 16

64 ± 16

65 ± 16

69 ± 16

< 0.001

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

105.8 ± 5.4

121.1 ± 1.6

125.1 ± 1.2

129.8 ± 1.6

< 0.001

Triglycerides (mg/dL)* (range)

96 (43–199)

105 (30–530)

104 (27–878)

108 (31–996)

0.512

AST (IU/L)

23.1 ± 1.8

23.6 ± 0.5

24.0 ± 0.4

25.3 ± 0.5

0.126

ALT (IU/L)

19.2 ± 2.3

19.6 ± 0.7

20.2 ± 0.5

22.8 ± 0.7

0.004

γ-GTP (IU/L)

29.3 ± 6.6

32.8 ± 1.9

31.2 ± 1.4

36.8 ± 2.0

0.131

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)

67.4 ± 2.7

68.6 ± 0.8

69.5 ± 0.6

69.9 ± 0.8

0.622

Uric acid (mg/dL)

5.03 ± 0.22

5.27 ± 0.06

5.28 ± 0.05

5.44 ± 0.06

0.107

HbA_1c (%)(NGSP)

5.77 ± 0.10

5.73 ± 0.03

5.72 ± 0.02

5.78 ± 0.03

0.287

Alcohol intake (%yes)

11 (35.5)

142 (40.0)

304 (48.1)

183 (53.0)

0.218

Current smoking (%yes)

0 (0.0)

36 (10.1)

57 (9.0)

48 (14.0)

0.081

Medications

 Hypertension (%yes)

14 (45.2)

142 (40.0)

230 (36.5)

122 (35.5)

0.219

 Hyperlipidemia (%yes)

10 (32.3)

76 (21.7)

164 (26.4)

91 (26.8)

0.008

 Diabetes (%yes)

5 (16.1)

34 (9.6)

59 (9.4)

40 (11.6)

0.226

MMSE (score)

27.3 ± 0.4

28.1 ± 0.1

28.4 ± 0.1

28.6 ± 0.1

0.002

Grip (kg)

26.1 ± 1.0

26.8 ± 0.3

28.3 ± 0.2

28.4 ± 0.3

< 0.001

Walk (second)

5.6 ± 0.2

5.5 ± 0.1

5.1 ± 0.1

5.1 ± 0.1

< 0.001

Hs-CRP (mg/dL) ^a(range)

0.116 (0.003–5.370)

0.063 (0.003–6.530)

0.045 (0.002–1.770)

0.040 (0.003–3.830)

< 0.001

Growth hormone (mg/dL) ^a(range)

1.19 (0.12–8.63)

0.81 (0.03–18.5)

0.74 (0.03–12.7)

0.66 (0.03–13.7)

0.017

IGF-1 (mg/dL) ^a(range)

82.4 (20–241)

86.1 (31–233)

92.0 (43–216)

98.4 (40–223)

< 0.001

Calcium (mg/dL)

8.98 ± 0.06

9.34 ± 0.01

9.56 ± 0.01

9.83 ± 0.02

< 0.001

Magnesium (mg/dL)

2.12 ± 0.03

2.18 ± 0.01

2.20 ± 0.01

2.26 ± 0.01

< 0.001

Iron (μg/dL)

71.2 ± 6.1

90.4 ± 1.8

100.0 ± 1.3

108.3 ± 1.8

< 0.001

Zinc (μg/dL)

61.0 ± 2.0

67.1 ± 0.6

73.8 ± 0.4

79.3 ± 0.6

< 0.001

Phosphorus (mg/dL)

3.45 ± 0.08

3.51 ± 0.02

3.50 ± 0.02

3.56 ± 0.02

0.241

Total IMT (mm)

0.75 ± 0.04

0.73 ± 0.01

0.71 ± 0.01

0.71 ± 0.01

0.239