Table 6 Correlation and trend with age between 12 question items and an incompetent lip seal
Question item | Total “yes” and “think so” [n (%)] | Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient | Cochran-Armitage test for trend with increasing age (p value) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Correlation | p value | Total | Boys | Girls | ||
29. Are your child’s lips droopy? | 705 (20.7) | 0.602*** | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
19. Does your child sleep with their mouth open? | 1565 (46.0) | 0.542*** | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.008 |
15. Is your child’s mouth often dry? | 635 (18.7) | 0.385*** | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
28. Are your child’s teeth visible between their upper and lower lips? | 414 (12.2) | 0.314*** | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.001 |
20. Can your child keep their mouth closed for about 1 minute? | 297 (8.7) | −0.257*** | < 0.001 | 0.033 | 0.543 | 0.012 |
42. Is your child a noisy eater? | 672 (19.8) | 0.248*** | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.001 |
7. Does your child’s nose become stuffed easily while sleeping? | 957 (28.2) | 0.237*** | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.006 |
43. Does your child keep their mouth closed when they eat? | 988 (29.1) | −0.232*** | < 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.087 | 0.017 |
21. Does your child have an overbite? | 542 (15.9) | 0.231*** | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
6. Does your child’s nose become stuffed easily during the day? | 1132 (33.3) | 0.227*** | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
17. Do people tell your child that they have bad breath during day? | 478 (14.1) | 0.219*** | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
16. Do people tell your child that they have bad breath in the morning? | 1226 (36.1) | 0.209*** | < 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.010 | 0.022 |