Table 2 Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of emotional and behavioral problems associated with screen time (n = 2490)

No. of participants (%)

1353 (54.3)

1137 (45.7)

1108 (44.5)

1382 (55.5)

1630 (65.5)

860 (34.5)

Total difficulties

 Crude model

Ref

1.30 (1.01–1.67)*

Ref

1.34 (1.04–1.74)*

Ref

1.76 (1.36–2.28)**

 Adjusted model^a

Ref

1.23 (0.95–1.60)^b

Ref

1.29 (0.98–1.68)

Ref

1.72 (1.31–2.24)**

Emotional symptoms

 Crude model

Ref

1.43 (1.07–1.90)*

Ref

1.10 (0.82–1.46)

Ref

1.43 (1.07–1.91)*

 Adjusted model

Ref

1.36 (1.02–1.83)*

Ref

1.06 (0.79–1.43)

Ref

1.38 (0.99–1.90)

Conduct problems

 Crude model

Ref

1.41 (1.08–1.84)*

Ref

1.29 (0.99–1.70)

Ref

1.95 (1.49–2.54)**

 Adjusted model

Ref

1.29 (0.99–1.70)

Ref

1.20 (0.91–1.58)

Ref

1.81 (1.38–2.39)**

Hyperactivity

 Crude model

Ref

1.43 (1.16–1.77)**

Ref

1.42 (1.14–1.76)**

Ref

1.52 (1.22–1.89)**

 Adjusted model

Ref

1.31 (1.06–1.64)*

Ref

1.31 (1.04–1.63)*

Ref

1.38 (1.10–1.74)**

Peer problems

 Crude model

Ref

1.21 (0.93–1.34)

Ref

1.12 (0.94–1.34)

Ref

1.39 (1.16–1.67)**

 Adjusted model

Ref

1.04 (0.87–1.25)

Ref

1.05 (0.87–1.27)

Ref

1.36 (1.12–1.65)**

Prosocial behavior

 Crude model

Ref

1.00 (0.79–1.28)

Ref

0.99 (0.78–1.27)

Ref

1.43 (1.11–1.82) **

 Adjusted model

Ref

0.97 (0.75–1.24)

Ref

0.96 (0.75–1.23)

Ref

1.46 (1.13–1.89) **