Optimization and validation of a highly sensitive method for determining glyphosate in human urine by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry: a methodological study

Table 6 Detection rates, geometric means, and percentiles of urinary glyphosate concentrations

Group	Sample size	>LOD (%)^a	Units	GM	Selected percentiles					Max.
Group	Sample size	>LOD (%)^a	Units	GM	5th	25th	50th	75th	95th	Max.
A	20	70	μg/L	0.36	<LOD	<LOD	0.54	1.17	1.43	1.44
			μg/g cre	0.37	<LOD	<LOD	0.40	0.88	2.57	2.59
B	24	33	μg/L	NC^b	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.16	1.84	1.99
			μg/g cre	NC^b	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD	0.34	0.65	0.68
C	10	100	μg/L	0.47	0.21	0.29	0.56	0.73	0.77	0.77
			μg/g cre	0.67	0.43	0.47	0.67	0.83	1.72	1.72
Total	54	59	μg/L	0.24	<LOD	<LOD	0.25	0.70	1.41	1.99
			μg/g cre	0.26	<LOD	<LOD	0.34	0.66	1.95	2.59

LOD limit of detection, cre creatinine, GM geometric mean, NC not calculated, <LOD lower than level of limit of detection
^aPercent of detection frequency
^bGM was not calculated due to low detection rate

ISSN: 1347-4715