PM2.5 exposure and DLEC1 promoter methylation in Taiwan Biobank participants

Table 4 Multiple linear regression showing the association between outdoor exercise and DLEC1 promoter methylation stratified by PM_2.5 quartiles

Variables	PM_2.5 < 27.37		27.37 ≤ PM_2.5 < 31.82		31.82 ≤ PM_2.5 < 38.73		PM_2.5 ≥ 38.73
Variables	β(× 10⁻³)	p value	β(× 10⁻³)	p value	β(× 10⁻³)	p value	β(× 10⁻³)	p value
Regular outdoor exercise (reference: No)
Yes	− 5.280	0.009	0.323	0.872	− 1.280	0.433	1.680	0.428
SO₂	5.900	0.275	− 0.940	0.121	3.980	0.009	0.434	0.622
CO	109.490	0.123	5.060	0.784	− 19.800	0.291	− 21.790	0.244
O₃	0.180	0.724	3.850	0.003	0.725	0.059	− 1.700	0.035
NO_X	− 1.640	0.105	0.744	0.201	0.252	0.323	− 0.557	0.376
Sex (reference: Women)
Men	1.580	0.427	− 1.150	0.563	3.960	0.037	0.711	0.743
Age	− 0.095	0.286	− 0.150	0.098	− 0.310	< 0.001	− 0.320	0.003
Cigarette smoking (reference: Never)
Former	0.510	0.861	3.440	0.213	− 0.542	0.818	5.950	0.063
Current	3.960	0.172	− 1.010	0.745	1.810	0.557	1.670	0.672
Alcohol drinking (reference: Never)
Former	− 4.110	0.358	− 2.550	0.606	− 6.610	0.164	− 5.120	0.618
Current	4.380	0.183	0.484	0.900	6.970	0.056	− 6.840	0.093
Betel nut chewing (reference: Never)
Former	− 10.91	0.135	1.990	0.672	− 2.710	0.485	− 7.910	0.276
Current	2.360	0.677	− 9.510	0.103	− 2.410	0.679	− 9.910	0.210
BMI (reference: Normal)
Underweight	− 3.110	0.434	− 1.760	0.656	− 2.110	0.642	11.390	0.055
Overweight	− 2.750	0.206	− 1.650	0.457	− 0.709	0.699	2.010	0.345
Obesity	0.747	0.755	0.964	0.685	1.010	0.642	4.360	0.071
Secondhand smoke exposure (reference: No)
Yes	1.590	0.548	− 1.520	0.573	− 3.030	0.379	1.010	0.761

DLEC1 Deleted in lung and esophageal cancer 1, PM Particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5 microns, SO₂ Sulfur dioxide, CO Carbon monoxide, O₃ Ozone, NOx Nitrogen oxides, BMI Body mass index

ISSN: 1347-4715