Table 1 Characteristics of participants by groups of self-reported snoring
Variables | No | Sometimes | Frequently | H/χ2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | 11,484 (51.2) | 5990 (26.7) | 4949 (22.17) | ||
Socio-demographic characteristics | |||||
Age (year) | |||||
< 45 | 4140 (36.1) | 1800 (30.1) | 977 (19.7) | χ2 = 505.34 | < 0.01 |
45–59 | 4686 (40.8) | 2629 (43.9) | 2235 (45.2) | ||
> 59 | 2658 (23.2) | 1561 (26.1) | 1737 (35.1) | ||
Sex | |||||
Male | 4052 (35.3) | 3177 (53.0) | 3271 (66.1) | χ2 = 1445.20 | < 0.01 |
Female | 7432 (64.7) | 2813 (47.0) | 1678 (33.9) | ||
Marital status | |||||
Married/cohabitated | 10,076 (87.7) | 5278 (88.1) | 4358 (88.1) | χ2 = 0.65 | 0.72 |
Others | 1408 (12.3) | 712 (11.9) | 591 (11.9) | ||
Education level | |||||
Primary school or below | 3810 (33.2) | 1711 (28.6) | 1826 (36.9) | χ2 = 120.90 | < 0.01 |
Junior middle school | 3719 (32.4) | 1902 (31.7) | 1592 (32.2) | ||
High school or above | 3955 (34.4) | 2377 (39.7) | 1531 (30.9) | ||
Family history of hypertension | |||||
No | 7812 (68.0) | 3654 (61.0) | (59.5) | χ2 = 147.27 | < 0.01 |
Yes | 3672 (32.0) | 2336 (39.0) | 2004 (40.5) | ||
Health-related behavioral characteristics | |||||
Smoking | |||||
Ever | 508 (4.4) | 426 (7.1) | 459 (9.3) | χ2 = 857.93 | < 0.01 |
Never | 9299 (81.0) | 4149 (69.3) | 2956 (59.7) | ||
Current | 1677 (14.6) | 1415 (23.6) | 1534 (31.0) | ||
Drinking | |||||
Never or hardly | 6086 (53.0) | 2300 (38.4) | 1873 (37.9) | χ2 = 732.68 | < 0.01 |
Occasionally or sometimes | 3982 (34.7) | 2462 (41.1) | 1746 (35.3) | ||
Often or every day | 1416 (12.3) | 1228 (20.5) | 1330 (26.9) | ||
Physical activity | |||||
Never or hardly | 4973 (43.3) | 2265 (37.8) | 2244 (45.3) | χ2 = 105.55 | < 0.01 |
Occasionally or sometimes | 2367 (20.6) | 1276 (21.3) | 812 (16.4) | ||
Often or every day | 4144 (36.1) | 2449 (40.9) | 1893 (38.3) | ||
Midday nap duration (min) | |||||
= 0 | 5154 (44.9) | 2367 (39.5) | 2001 (40.4) | χ2 = 97.59 | < 0.01 |
< 60 | 3149 (27.4) | 1843 (30.8) | 1288 (26.0) | ||
≥ 60 | 3181 (27.7) | 1780 (29.7) | 1660 (33.5) | ||
Nocturnal sleep duration (h) | |||||
< 7 | 3150 (27.4) | 1863 (31.1) | 1705 (34.5) | χ2 = 132.69 | < 0.01 |
7 < 8 | 3127 (27.2) | 1743 (29.1) | 1387 (28.0) | ||
8–9 | 4736 (41.2) | 2207 (36.8) | 1683 (34.0) | ||
> 9 | 471 (4.1) | 177 (3.0) | 174 (3.5) | ||
Clinical variables | |||||
SBP (mmHg)a | 124.3 (113.7, 138.3) | 129.0 (118.3, 142.0) | 134.3 (123.0, 148.3) | H = 896.82 | < 0.01 |
DBP (mmHg)a | 76.0 (69.3, 83.3) | 78.67 (71.7, 86.7) | 82.0 (74.3, 89.7) | H = 866.19 | < 0.01 |
BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
< 24 | 6334 (55.2) | 2356 (39.3) | 1202 (24.3) | χ2 = 1786.77 | < 0.01 |
24–27.9 | 4105 (35.8) | 2736 (45.7) | 2360 (47.7) | ||
≥ 28 | 1045 (9.1) | 898 (15.0) | 1387 (28.0) | ||
Abdominal obesity | |||||
No | 6255 (54.5) | 2462 (41.1) | 1306 (26.4) | χ2 = 1145.84 | < 0.01 |
Yes | 5229 (45.5) | 3528 (58.9) | 3643 (73.6) | ||
Dyslipidemia | |||||
No | 9197 (80.1) | 4332 (72.3) | 3176 (64.2) | χ2 = 481.29 | < 0.01 |
Yes | 2287 (19.9) | 1658 (27.7) | 1773 (35.8) | ||