Table 4 Multivariate analysis between two periods using logistic regression for beverage consumption habits
Beverages | Multiple-choice responses | Before n (%) | During n (%) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Americano coffee | None | 94 (22.7) | 131 (31.6) | - | - |
Less than 1 | 100 (24.1) | 106 (25.5) | 0.76 (0.52–1.11) | 0.81 (0.54–1.21) | |
1–2/d | 172 (41.4) | 137 (33.0) | 0.57 (0.40–0.81) | 0.58 (0.40–0.85) | |
3–4/d | 36 (8.7) | 23 (5.5) | 0.46 (0.25–0.82) | 0.53 (0.28–0.99) | |
5–6/d | 8 (1.9) | 12 (2.9) | 1.08 (0.43–2.84) | 2.19 (0.76–6.69) | |
More than 6/d | 5 (1.2) | 6 (1.4) | 0.86 (0.25–3.07) | 0.71 (0.17–2.88) | |
Arabic coffee | None | 192 (46.3) | 227 (54.7) | - | - |
Less than 1 | 72 (17.3) | 57 (13.7) | 0.67 (0.45–0.99) | 0.73 (0.48–1.12) | |
1–2/d | 64 (15.4) | 56 (13.5) | 0.74 (0.49–1.11) | 0.74 (0.47–1.15) | |
3–4/d | 44 (10.6) | 32 (7.7) | 0.62 (0.37–1.01) | 0.62 (0.36–1.06) | |
5–6/d | 24 (5.8) | 23 (5.5) | 0.81 (0.44–1.49) | 0.90 (0.47–1.72) | |
More than 6/d | 19 (4.6) | 20 (4.8) | 0.89 (0.46–1.73) | 0.83 (0.40–1.70) | |
Tea | None | 117 (28.2) | 114 (27.5) | - | - |
Less than 1 | 112 (27.0) | 103 (24.8) | 0.94 (0.65–1.37) | 1.08 (0.72–1.62) | |
1–2/d | 131 (31.6) | 137 (33.0) | 1.07 (0.75–1.53) | 1.34 (0.91–1.98) | |
3–4/d | 44 (10.6) | 41 (9.9) | 0.96 (0.58–1.57) | 1.14 (0.66–1.97) | |
5–6/d | 7 (1.7) | 12 (2.9) | 1.76 (0.68–4.88) | 2.34 (0.83–6.99) | |
More than 6/d | 4 (1.0) | 8 (1.9) | 2.05 (0.63–7.86) | 2.11 (0.55–9.19) | |
Fizzy drinks | None | 263 (63.4) | 267 (64.3) | - | - |
Less than 1 | 91 (21.9) | 89 (21.4) | 0.96 (0.69–1.35) | 1.02 (0.70–1.49) | |
1–2/d | 49 (11.8) | 44 (10.6) | 0.88 (0.57–1.37) | 1.05 (0.63–1.74) | |
3–4/d | 8 (1.9) | 9 (2.2) | 1.11 (0.42–2.99) | 1.36 (0.44–4.24) | |
5–6/d | 3 (0.7) | 4 (1.0) | 1.31 (0.29–6.72) | 1.11 (0.23–6.05) | |
More than 6/d | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.5) | 1.97 (0.19–42.54) | 2.31 (0.20–52.98) | |
Energy drinks | None | 370 (89.2) | 382 (92.0) | - | - |
Less than 1 | 27 (6.5) | 21 (5.1) | 0.75 (0.41–1.35) | 0.61 (0.31–1.17) | |
1–2/d | 16 (3.9) | 11 (2.7) | 0.67 (0.30–1.44) | 0.45 (0.17–1.13) | |
3–4/d | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | 0.48 (0.02–5.08) | 0.43 (0.02–4.93) | |
5–6/d | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - | - | |
More than 6/d | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - | - | |
Fruit drinks | None | 246 (59.3) | 250 (60.2) | - | - |
Less than 1 | 106 (25.5) | 102 (24.6) | 0.95 (0.68–1.31) | 1.11 (0.77–1.61) | |
1–2/d | 61 (14.7) | 57 (13.7) | 0.92 (0.61–1.37) | 1.11 (0.70–1.77) | |
3–4/d | 1 (0.2) | 5 (1.2) | 4.92 (0.79–94.62) | 7.30 (0.93–158.59) | |
5–6/d | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - | - | |
More than 6/d | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 0.98 (0.04–24.98) | 4.06 (0.14–121.29) | |
Fresh juice | None | 227 (54.7) | 258 (62.2) | - | - |
Less than 1 | 122 (29.4) | 107 (25.8) | 0.77 (0.56–1.06) | 0.68 (0.48–0.96) | |
1–2/d | 64 (15.4) | 44 (10.6) | 0.60 (0.39–0.92) | 0.51 (0.32–0.83) | |
3–4/d | 2 (0.5) | 6 (1.4) | 2.64 (0.60–18.14) | 1.93 (0.36–15.82) | |
5–6/d | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - | - | |
More than 6/d | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - | - | |
Herbal tea | None | 215 (51.8) | 228 (54.9) | - | - |
Less than 1 | 115 (27.7) | 101 (24.3) | 0.83 (0.60–1.15, p = 0.257) | 0.88 (0.61–1.25) | |
1–2/d | 76 (18.3) | 78 (18.8) | 0.97 (0.67–1.40, p = 0.861) | 1.04 (0.70–1.55) | |
3–4/d | 9 (2.2) | 5 (1.2) | 0.52 (0.16–1.54, p = 0.253) | 0.57 (0.17–1.74) | |
5–6/d | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.7) | 1997406.56 (0.00–NA, p = 0.977) | 1251915.00 (0.00–NA) | |
More than 6/d | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - | - | |
Water | None | 22 (5.3) | 15 (3.6) | - | - |
Less than 1 | 83 (20.0) | 79 (19.0) | 1.40 (0.68–2.93, p = 0.367) | 1.56 (0.72–3.46) | |
1–2/d | 133 (32.0) | 149 (35.9) | 1.64 (0.82–3.36, p = 0.162) | 1.75 (0.83–3.81) | |
3–4/d | 101 (24.3) | 88 (21.2) | 1.28 (0.63–2.66, p = 0.502) | 1.38 (0.64–3.07) | |
5–6/d | 76 (18.3) | 84 (20.2) | 1.62 (0.79–3.40, p = 0.192) | 1.84 (0.84–4.13) | |
More than 6/d | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - | - |