Table 4 Studies identified factors associated with blood and body fluid exposure among healthcare workers in Ethiopia, 2007–2020

Zenbaba D et al. [10]

CS

HCWs and C

Hospitals

Oromia

HCWs working in referral and general hospital were less likely to have blood and body fluids splash exposure as compared to primary hospitals (AOR 0.13; 95% CI 0.05-0.35) and (AOR 0.39; 95% CI 0.17-0.90), respectively. HCWs working in surgical and medical wards were more likely to have blood and body fluids splash exposure as compared to those working in OPD and laboratories (AOR 1.85; 95% CI 1.06-3.21)

Reda AA et al. [14]

CS

HCWs

Hospitals and health centers

Harari and Dire Dawa

Last 1 year incidence of needle stick injury and blood and body fluids splashing were significantly associated with each other independently (AOR 3.17; 95% CI 1.86–5.42). HCWs who had regularly applied standard precautions were less likely to had the risk of blood and body fluids splashing to the eye or mouth in the past 1 year (AOR 0.79; 95% CI 0.66–0.96).

Geberemariyam BS [11]

CS

HCWs

Hospitals

Addis Ababa

Those unmarried (single) HCWs had higher odds of blood and body fluid splash than married HCWs (AOR 1.94; 95% CI 1.18-3.41)

Amerga and Mekonnen [20]

CS

HCWs

Health centers

Addis Ababa

Profession (nurse) [AOR 0.5; 95% CI 0.26-0.98], shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) in the past 1 year (AOR 1.86; 95% CI 1.11-3.11), not receiving training on infection prevention (AOR 7.08; 95% CI 3.57-14.03) and not using PPE (AOR 2.25; 95% CI 1.3-3.89) were factors associated with BBFs.

Tadesse M et al. [28]

CS

HCWs

Hospitals and health centers

SNNP

Profession (health officer) [AOR 1.86; 95% CI 1.02-3.38], HCWs working in gynecology ward (AOR 3.92; 95% CI 1.17-13.11), working in public health center (AOR 0.38; 95% CI 0.20-0.72), HCWs not receiving training on prevention of occupational infection (AOR 2.02; 95% CI 1.34-3.04), working in facilities that lacks safety signs (AOR 1.82; 95% CI 1.21-2.75) and lack of hand washing facilities in working department (AOR 1.82; 95% CI 1.25-2.64) were factors associated with occupational exposure to blood and body fluids.

Yenesew and Fekadu [29]

CS

HCWs

Hospitals and health centers

Amhara

Work experience (AOR 4.13; 95% CI 1.56–10.91), inconsistent use of gloves (AOR 1.98; 95% CI 1.04–3.43), and not complying with standard precautions (AOR 1.80; 95% CI 1.00–3.22) were the factors associated with occupational exposure to BBFs.

Beyera and Beyen [21]

CS

HCWs

Hospitals and health centers

Amhara

Lack of training on infection prevention (AOR 4.49; 95% CI 2.27, 8.89), long working hours per week (AOR 9.8; 95% CI 5.13, 18.74), 5–10 years work experience (AOR 2.81; 95% CI 1.15, 6.86), absence of work guidelines (AOR 2.06; 95% CI 1.03, 4.1), and dissatisfaction with current job (AOR 6.62; 95% CI 3.53, 12.43) were factors independently associated with BBFs exposure.

Yasin J et al. [19]

CS

HCWs

Hospital

Amhara

Training on infection prevention (AOR 2.17; 95% CI 1.25, 3.7), not wearing eye goggle (AOR 2.29; 95% CI 1.14, 4.6), and having HBV vaccination (AOR 1.82; 95% CI 1.08, 3.03) were factors associated with occupational exposure to BBFs splash.

Yimechew Z et al .[43]

CS

HCWs and C

Hospital

Amhara

Profession (interns) [AOR 9.4; 95% CI 1.8-49.9], 2–4 years work experience (AOR 3.2; 95% CI 1.4-7.5), and satisfactory infection prevention training (AOR 0.5; 95% CI 0.3-0.9) were factors associated with occupational exposure to BBFs splash.

Girmaye E et al. [48]

CS

HCWs and C

Hospital

Addis Ababa

Profession (midwives) [AOR 0.02; 95% CI 0.01-0.41], working for 40 and more hours (AOR 5.85; 95% CI 1.29-26.6), and vaccinated against HBV (AOR 3.57; 95% CI 1.07-11.80) were factors associated with blood and body fluid splash.