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Table 4 Logistic regression analysis results for “Lack of physical activity” regardless of “Prefer physical activity” (n = 1486)

From: Social and family factors as determinants of exercise habits in Japanese elementary school children: a cross-sectional study from the Super Shokuiku School Project

Variable

 

Total

Boys

Girls

 

Univariate

Multivariate

 

Multivariate

 

Multivariate

%

OR (95%CI)

OR (95%CI)

%

OR (95%CI)

%

OR (95%CI)

Gender

Boys

15.1

1

1

    

Girls

18.7

1.30 (0.99–1.71)

1.52 (1.13–2.04) †

    

Grade

Low (1st–2nd)

15.4

1

1

16.2

1

14.5

1

Middle (3rd–4th)

16.3

1.07 (0.76–1.51)

1.12 (0.78–1.59)

13.0

0.74 (0.44–1.25)

19.7

1.72 (1.03–2.87) *

High (5th–6th)

19.1

1.30 (0.94–1.79)

1.33 (0.94–1.88)

15.7

0.86 (0.51–1.45)

22.3

2.09 (1.26–3.48) †

Social background and parental lifestyles

 Mother’s employment status

Full time

13.4

1

1

14.0

1

12.9

1

Part time

17.5

1.36 (1.00–1.85) *

1.36 (0.99–1.87)

15.2

1.11 (0.70–1.78)

19.8

1.80 (1.14–2.86) *

Unemployed(housewives)

25.1

2.16 (1.46–3.20) ‡

2.30 (1.52–3.47) ‡

17.4

1.28 (0.68–2.42)

33.7

4.58 (2.54–8.26) ‡

 Family structure

3-generation family

16.1

1

1

12.1

1

12.1

1

Nuclear family

17.3

1.09 (0.81–1.45)

1.01 (0.74–1.37)

16.4

1.29 (0.80–2.09)

16.4

0.76 (0.50–1.16)

 Perceived family affluence

Affluent

16.8

1

1

17.7

1

15.8

1

Neither

17.7

1.06 (0.77–1.47)

0.99 (0.71–1.39)

16.0

0.86 (0.53–1.40)

19.2

1.23 (0.74–2.03)

No affluent

15.5

0.91 (0.62–1.34)

0.72 (0.48–1.08)

10.7

0.45 (0.24–0.83) *

21.0

1.04 (0.58–1.85)

 Communication with parents

Often

16.1

1

1

14.1

1

17.9

1

Rarely

20.9

1.38 (0.97–1.95)

1.50 (1.03–2.19) *

18.3

1.34 (0.83–2.17)

28.8

1.76 (0.92–3.37)

 Father’s IU at home, h/day

< 2 h

16.1

1

1

14.9

1

17.4

1

≥ 2 h

21.3

1.41 (0.98–2.01)

1.16 (0.78–1.71)

15.9

0.92 (0.50–1.67)

27.2

1.37 (0.79–2.37)

 Mother’s IU at home, h/day

< 2 h

16.3

1

1

14.5

1

18.0

1

≥ 2 h

27.7

1.98 (1.20–3.26) †

1.55 (0.89–2.69)

22.9

1.48 (0.67–3.23)

34.3

1.70 (0.74–3.92)

 Father’s behaviors based on Breslow’s health score

High(6, 7)

13.3

1

1

17.0

1

9.5

1

Middle(4, 5)

16.6

1.30 (0.89–1.91)

1.17 (0.78–1.75)

13.7

0.78 (0.45–1.33)

19.8

2.10 (1.10–4.00)

Low (0–3)

19.4

1.56 (1.06–2.30) *

1.24 (0.81–1.89)

15.5

0.71 (0.39–1.29)

22.8

2.45 (1.26–4.77)

 Mother’s behaviors based on Breslow’s health score

High (6, 7)

11.9

1

1

10.3

1

13.6

1

Middle (4, 5)

18.4

1.66 (1.17–2.35) †

1.55 (1.08–2.24) *

15.3

1.69 (0.98–2.93)

21.3

1.45 (0.87–2.41)

Low (0–3)

20.0

1.85 (1.22–2.81) †

1.57 (0.99–2.49)

21.6

2.81 (1.44–5.47) †

18.4

0.82 (0.42–1.60)

Child lifestyle factors

 Breakfast eating

Every day

16.7

1

1

14.7

1

18.7

1

Skipping

19.8

1.24 (0.75–2.03)

1.01 (0.60–1.71)

20.5

1.46 (0.64–3.35)

19.4

0.83 (0.40–1.72)

 Sleep duration

More than 8 h

17.1

1

1

15.6

1

18.7

1

Less than 8 h

16.0

0.92 (0.65–1.30)

0.86 (0.59–1.24)

12.8

0.75 (0.42–1.35)

19.0

0.96 (0.58–1.59)

 Children’s ST, h/day

< 2 h

14.0

1

1

12.5

1

15.3

1

≥ 2 h

21.8

1.71 (1.30–2.25) ‡

1.54 (1.15–2.08) †

18.6

1.50 (0.96–2.35)

25.7

1.76 (1.16–2.66) *

 Cram schools

≥ 2 times/week

18.4

1

1

15.4

1

21.7

1

1 times/week

13.8

0.79 (0.41–1.51)

0.65 (0.32–1.34)

11.4

0.67 (0.23–1.97)

16.7

0.67 (0.24–1.86)

0 time

16.7

0.96 (0.70–1.32)

0.80 (0.57–1.14)

15.3

0.95 (0.57–1.60)

18.1

0.69 (0.43–1.13)

Children’s health

 Overall health

Good

16.2

1

1

14.5

1

17.9

1

Poor

26.8

1.89 (1.18–3.04) †

1.63 (1.00–2.68)

23.4

1.51 (0.71–3.20)

30.0

1.53 (0.76–3.10)

Enrichment of school life

 Have close friends

Yes

16.4

1

1

14.6

1

18.3

1

No

40.7

3.49 (1.60–7.62) †

4.14 (1.80–9.51) ‡

33.3

4.05 (1.37–11.9) †

55.6

6.14 (1.45–25.97) *

 Understand the school study

Understand well

16.7

1

1

15.2

1

18.0

1

Not understand

17.9

1.09 (0.77–1.54)

0.91 (0.63–1.32)

14.3

0.81 (0.47–1.39)

22.3

0.96 (0.57–1.62)

  1. % Lack of physical activity
  2. OR Odds ratio, 95% CI 95% Confidence interval, IU Internet use, ST Screen time
  3. *p < 0.05, †p < 0.01, ‡p < 0.001
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Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine

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