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Table 2 Logistic regression analysis results for “Don’t like physical activity” (n = 1721)

From: Social and family factors as determinants of exercise habits in Japanese elementary school children: a cross-sectional study from the Super Shokuiku School Project

Variable

 

Total

Boys

Girls

 

Univariate

Multivariate

 

Multivariate

 

Multivariate

%

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

%

OR (95%CI)

%

OR (95%CI)

Gender

Boys

13.2

1

1

    

Girls

14.1

1.08 (0.82–1.43)

1.25 (0.93–1.69)

    

Grade

Low (1st–2nd)

7.1

1

1

7.2

1

7.1

1

Middle (3rd–4th)

15.6

2.40 (1.62–3.56) ‡

2.39 (1.59–3.58) ‡

14.1

2.03 (1.13–3.64) *

17.0

2.77 (1.56–4.92) ‡

High (5th–6th)

18.1

2.87 (1.97–4.20) ‡

2.73 (1.83–4.08) ‡

18.2

2.82 (1.59–5.01) ‡

18.0

2.80 (1.57–4.98) ‡

Social background and parental lifestyles

 Mother’s employment status

Full time

13.6

1

1

13.4

1

13.9

1

Part time

13.0

0.95 (0.70–1.28)

0.91 (0.66–1.24)

12.7

0.86 (0.55–1.36)

13.3

0.97 (0.61–1.52)

Unemployed (housewives)

15.9

1.20 (0.80–1.79)

1.33 (0.86–2.06)

14.2

1.11 (0.58–2.12)

17.6

1.52 (0.82–2.81)

 Family structure

3-generation family

14.8

1

1

13.8

1

15.6

1

Nuclear family

13.1

0.87 (0.65–1.16)

0.88 (0.65–1.19)

12.9

0.91 (0.58–1.43)

13.3

0.88 (0.58–1.34)

 Perceived family affluence

Affluent

12.0

1

1

10.6

1

13.3

1

Neither

13.4

1.14 (0.81–1.62)

1.11 (0.77–1.59)

12.7

1.24 (0.72–2.13)

14.2

1.09 (0.66–1.80)

No affluent

15.8

1.38 (0.94–2.02)

1.21 (0.81–1.82)

16.5

1.54 (0.86–2.77)

15.0

0.98 (0.55–1.77)

 Communication with parents

Often

12.3

1

1

12.5

1

12.2

1

Rarely

20.1

1.79 (1.29–2.49) ‡

1.57 (1.10–2.25) *

15.5

1.04 (0.64–1.68)

31.4

2.87 (1.65–4.99) ‡

 Father’s IU at home, h/day

< 2 h

13.7

1

1

13.2

1

14.1

1

≥ 2 h

13.6

0.99 (0.67–1.47)

0.89 (0.58–1.36)

13.1

0.81 (0.44–1.50)

14.2

0.95 (0.52–1.73)

 Mother’s IU at home, h/day

< 2 h

13.5

1

1

12.7

1

14.3

1

≥ 2 h

16.2

1.23 (0.71–2.15)

1.02 (0.55–1.90)

20.0

1.40 (0.64–3.02)

10.3

0.51 (0.15–1.68)

 Father’s behaviors based on Breslow’s health score

High (6, 7)

11.5

1

1

11.8

1

11.2

1

Middle(4, 5)

13.1

1.16 (0.79–1.71)

1.04 (0.69–1.56)

12.8

0.99 (0.56–1.75)

13.4

1.09 (0.60–2.00)

Low (0–3)

15.6

1.42 (0.96–2.09)

1.24 (0.81–1.91)

14.6

1.04 (0.57–1.93)

16.4

1.51 (0.81–2.80)

 Mother’s behaviors based on Breslow’s health score

High (6, 7)

10.7

1

1

9.0

1

12.4

1

Middle (4, 5)

14.7

1.45 (1.02–2.05) *

1.33 (0.92–1.92)

14.2

1.45 (0.84–2.53)

15.2

1.25 (0.75–2.10)

Low (0–3)

14.9

1.47 (0.96–2.24)

1.25 (0.79–2.01)

16.3

1.74 (0.88–3.43)

13.5

0.98 (0.50–1.92)

Child lifestyle factors

 Breakfast eating

Every day

13.8

1

1

13.0

1

14.5

1

Skipping

12.4

0.89 (0.51–1.55)

0.60 (0.33–1.07)

15.4

0.71 (0.30–1.64)

10.1

0.52 (0.22–1.21)

 Sleep duration

More than 8 h

12.2

1

1

12.0

1

12.5

1

Less than 8 h

19.0

1.69 (1.24–2.29) ‡

1.33(0.96–1.86)

18.0

1.21(0.73–1.99)

19.9

1.40 (0.88–2.23)

 Children’s ST, h/day

< 2 h

11.4

1

1

10.0

1

12.7

1

≥ 2 h

17.1

1.60 (1.22–2.11) ‡

1.38 (1.02–1.87) *

17.3

1.56 (1.00–2.44) *

16.9

1.21 (0.79–1.86)

 Cram schools

≥ 2 times/week

11.6

1

1

8.2

1

14.4

1

1 times/week

13.5

1.08 (0.53–2.21)

1.09 (0.52–2.27)

10.2

1.44 (0.47–4.44)

14.3

0.94 (0.34–2.60)

0 time

13.6

1.32 (0.91–1.92)

1.24 (0.84–1.82)

14.7

1.86 (1.00–3.46) *

14.0

0.93 (0.56–1.55)

Children’s health

 Overall health

Good

13.1

1

1

12.8

1

13.4

1

Poor

21.1

1.78 (1.13–2.81) *

1.32 (0.81–2.16)

19.0

1.03 (0.49–2.17)

23.1

1.62 (0.83–3.18)

Enrichment of school life

 Have close friends

Yes

12.8

1

1

12.0

1

13.6

1

No

43.8

5.30 (2.95–9.55) ‡

5.30 (2.78–10.1) ‡

43.8

6.09 (2.73–13.6) ‡

43.8

4.37 (1.29–14.75) *

 Understand the school study

Understand well

13.0

1

1

13.0

1

13.0

1

Not understand

16.5

1.32 (0.95–1.85)

1.08 (0.76–1.54)

14.0

0.83 (0.49–1.41)

19.3

1.33 (0.81–2.18)

  1. % Do not like physical activity
  2. OR Odds ratio, 95% CI 95% Confidence interval, IU Internet use, ST Screen time
  3. *p < 0.05, †p < 0.01, ‡p < 0.001
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Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine

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