Variable | Total | Boys | Girls | p value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 1721 | % | n = 857 | % | n = 864 | % | |||
Grade | Low (1st–2nd) | 574 | 33.4 | 292 | 34.1 | 282 | 32.6 | 0.818 |
Middle (3rd–4th) | 545 | 31.7 | 269 | 31.4 | 276 | 31.9 | ||
High (5th–6th) | 602 | 35.0 | 296 | 34.5 | 306 | 35.4 | ||
Social background and parental lifestyles | ||||||||
Mother’s employment status | Full time | 698 | 40.6 | 337 | 39.3 | 361 | 41.8 | 0.560 |
Part time | 777 | 45.1 | 393 | 45.9 | 384 | 44.4 | ||
Unemployed (housewives) | 246 | 14.3 | 127 | 14.8 | 119 | 13.8 | ||
Family structure | 3-generation family | 575 | 33.4 | 268 | 31.3 | 307 | 35.5 | 0.061 |
Nuclear family | 1146 | 66.6 | 589 | 68.7 | 557 | 27.0 | ||
Perceived family affluence | Affluent | 460 | 26.7 | 227 | 26.5 | 233 | 49.1 | 0.218 |
Neither | 818 | 47.5 | 394 | 46.0 | 424 | 24.0 | ||
No affluent | 443 | 25.7 | 236 | 27.5 | 207 | 46.7 | ||
Communication with parents | Often | 1428 | 83.0 | 650 | 75.8 | 778 | 90.0 | < 0.001 |
Rarely | 293 | 17.0 | 207 | 24.2 | 86 | 10.0 | ||
Father’s IU at home, h/day | < 2 h | 1471 | 85.5 | 727 | 84.8 | 744 | 50.6 | 0.451 |
≥ 2 h | 250 | 14.5 | 130 | 15.2 | 120 | 48.0 | ||
Mother’s IU at home, h/day | < 2 h | 1622 | 94.2 | 797 | 93.0 | 825 | 95.5 | 0.027 |
≥ 2 h | 99 | 5.8 | 60 | 7.0 | 39 | 4.5 | ||
Father’s behaviors based on Breslow’s health score | High (6, 7) | 365 | 21.2 | 187 | 21.8 | 178 | 20.6 | 0.141 |
Middle (4, 5) | 726 | 42.2 | 376 | 43.9 | 350 | 40.5 | ||
Low (0–3) | 630 | 36.6 | 294 | 34.3 | 336 | 38.9 | ||
Mother’s behaviors based on Breslow’s health score | High (6, 7) | 460 | 26.7 | 234 | 27.3 | 226 | 26.2 | 0.784 |
Middle (4, 5) | 932 | 54.2 | 457 | 53.3 | 475 | 55.0 | ||
Low (0–3) | 329 | 19.1 | 166 | 19.4 | 163 | 18.9 | ||
Child lifestyle factors | ||||||||
Breakfast eating | Every day | 1600 | 93.0 | 805 | 93.9 | 795 | 92.0 | 0.120 |
Skipping | 121 | 7.0 | 52 | 6.1 | 69 | 8.0 | ||
Sleep duration | More than 8 h | 1358 | 78.9 | 685 | 79.9 | 673 | 77.9 | 0.300 |
Less than 8 h | 363 | 21.1 | 172 | 20.1 | 191 | 22.1 | ||
Preference for physical activity | Like very much | 1486 | 86.3 | 744 | 86.8 | 742 | 85.9 | 0.572 |
Dislike | 235 | 13.7 | 113 | 13.2 | 122 | 14.1 | ||
Frequency of physical activity | Very often | 1245 | 72.3 | 635 | 74.1 | 610 | 70.6 | 0.105 |
Not often | 476 | 27.7 | 222 | 25.9 | 254 | 29.4 | ||
Children’s ST, h/day | < 2 h | 1050 | 61.0 | 481 | 56.1 | 569 | 65.9 | < 0.001 |
≥ 2 h | 671 | 39.0 | 376 | 43.9 | 295 | 34.1 | ||
Cram schools | ≥ 2 times/week | 337 | 19.6 | 170 | 19.8 | 167 | 19.3 | 0.684 |
1 times/week | 91 | 5.3 | 49 | 5.7 | 42 | 4.9 | ||
0 time | 1293 | 75.1 | 638 | 74.4 | 655 | 75.8 | ||
Children’s health | ||||||||
Overall health | Good | 1598 | 92.9 | 799 | 93.2 | 799 | 92.5 | 0.543 |
Poor | 123 | 7.1 | 58 | 6.8 | 65 | 7.5 | ||
Enrichment of school life | ||||||||
Have close friends | Yes | 1673 | 97.2 | 825 | 96.3 | 848 | 98.1 | 0.018 |
No | 48 | 2.8 | 32 | 3.7 | 16 | 1.9 | ||
Understand the school study | Understand well | 1400 | 81.3 | 686 | 80.0 | 714 | 82.6 | 0.167 |
Not understand | 321 | 18.7 | 171 | 20.0 | 150 | 17.4 |