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Table 3 Multiple regression analysis of associations between household heating and disability for activities of daily living by education in random effects logit models

From: Household heating associated with disability in activities of daily living among Chinese middle-aged and elderly: a longitudinal study

 

Primary school and below

Junior high sch. or more

 

Model 1 DADLa

Model 2 DIADLb

Model 3 DADLa

Model 4 DIADLb

 

ORc (95%CI)

ORc (95%CI)

ORc (95%CI)

ORc (95%CI)

Heating season

0.664 (0.357–1.235)

0.642 (0.376–1.097)

0.900 (0.411–1.972)

0.980 (0.527–1.821)

Heating fuel

 Pollution-producing heating fuel

1.285***d (1.109–1.488)

1.580*** (1.384–1.804)

1.894*** (1.405–2.552)

2.119*** (1.661–2.703)

 Other heating fuel

0.980 (0.820–1.171)

1.127 (0.962–1.321)

1.219 (0.818–1.817)

1.087 (0.779–1.518)

Interaction of pollution-producing heating fuel and heating season

2.428** (1.191–4.953)

2.234** (1.199–4.163)

0.845 (0.191–3.751)

2.196 (0.736–6.546)

Interaction of other heating fuel and heating season

0.336*** (0.152–0.743)

0.531* (0.279–1.009)

0.675 (0.061–7.431)

0.276 (0.039–1.956)

Age

1.049*** (1.042–1.056)

1.062*** (1.056–1.068)

1.058*** (1.042–1.074)

1.059*** (1.046–1.073)

Female

1.089 (0.945–1.254)

1.633*** (1.433–1.861)

0.916 (0.668–1.258)

1.172 (0.906–1.515)

Unmarried

1.200** (1.037–1.388)

1.279*** (1.114–1.468)

1.640** (1.046–2.569)

1.168 (0.792–1.723)

Heavy drinker

0.795* (0.607–1.042)

0.866 (0.693–1.082)

0.990 (0.653–1.500)

0.723* (0.522–1.002)

Current smoker

0.910 (0.787–1.053)

0.926 (0.810–1.058)

0.719** (0.528–0.979)

0.779** (0.610–0.994)

Pollution-cooking cooking fuel

1.342*** (1.188–1.515)

1.415*** (1.270–1.578)

1.268* (0.960–1.674)

1.545*** (1.234–1.935)

Unfavorable housing conditions

1.368*** (1.168–1.602)

1.560*** (1.351–1.801)

1.312 (0.838–2.053)

1.432** (1.000–2.049)

Number of chronic disease

 One

1.719*** (1.482–1.994)

1.430*** (1.258–1.625)

1.729*** (1.232–2.427)

1.825*** (1.397–2.384)

 Two or more

2.957*** (2.561–3.413)

2.881*** (2.542–3.264)

3.505*** (2.520–4.877)

4.622*** (3.571–5.982)

Wave 2013

1.580*** (1.429–1.748)

1.018 (0.935–1.107)

1.864*** (1.492–2.328)

1.115 (0.940–1.323)

Observations

12,199

16,953

4428

8191

  1. aDADL disability for activities of daily living. Models 1 and 3 present the association between heating fuel and DADL for respondents with primary school or below and junior high school or above, respectively
  2. bDIADL disability for instrumental activities of daily living. Models 2 and 4 present the association between heating fuel and DIADL for respondents with primary school or below and junior high school or above, respectively
  3. c95%CI (confidence interval) bracketed below odds ratio (OR) estimates
  4. d*p < 0.1
  5. **p < 0.05
  6. ***p < 0.01