Table 1 Characteristics of the CHARLS participants
2011 | 2013 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Observations | Statistica | Observations | Statistic | |
Age | 12,994 | 59.4 (9.6) | 13,092 | 61.3 (9.7) |
Sex | 12,994 | 13,092 | ||
Female | 6705 | 51.6% | 6808 | 52.0% |
Male | 6289 | 48.4% | 6284 | 48.0% |
Marital status | 12,994 | 13,092 | ||
Unmarried | 1611 | 12.4% | 1794 | 13.7% |
Married | 11,383 | 87.6% | 11,298 | 86.3% |
Education level | 12,994 | 13,092 | ||
Junior high sch. or more | 4210 | 32.4% | 4242 | 32.4% |
Primary sch. or below | 8784 | 67.6% | 8850 | 67.6% |
Smoking status | 12,994 | 13,092 | ||
Current smoker | 4132 | 31.8% | 4870 | 37.2% |
Non-smoker | 8862 | 68.2% | 8222 | 62.8% |
Alcohol drinking status | 12,994 | 13,092 | ||
Heavy drinker | 923 | 7.1% | 1165 | 8.9% |
Non-heavy-drinker | 12,071 | 92.9% | 11,927 | 91.1% |
Cooking fuel | 12,994 | 13,092 | ||
Pollution-producing cooking fuel | 7329 | 56.4% | 6,310 | 48.2% |
Others | 5665 | 43.6% | 6782 | 51.8% |
Housing condition | 12,994 | 13,092 | ||
Unfavorable housing condition | 1377 | 10.6% | 1100 | 8.4% |
Favorable housing condition | 11,616 | 89.4% | 11,992 | 91.6% |
Number of chronic disease | 12,994 | 13,092 | ||
None | 4210 | 32.4% | 5263 | 40.2% |
One | 3872 | 29.8% | 3980 | 30.4% |
Two or more | 4899 | 37.7% | 3849 | 29.4% |
Heating fuel | 12,994 | 13,092 | ||
Clean fuel | 3469 | 26.7% | 4242 | 32.4% |
Pollution-producing heating fuel | 7341 | 56.5% | 6886 | 52.6% |
Other | 2183 | 16.8% | 2016 | 15.4% |
Surveyed in heating season | 725 | 5.6% | 312 | 2.4% |
DIADL | 12,905 | 13,092 | ||
Yes | 2710 | 21.0% | 2749 | 21.0% |
No | 10,195 | 79.0% | 10,343 | 79.0% |
DADL | 7764 | 13,092 | ||
Yes | 1475 | 19.0% | 3325 | 25.4% |
No | 6289 | 81.0% | 10,002 | 74.6% |