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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of subjects

From: Trunk-to-peripheral fat ratio predicts a subsequent blood pressure in normal-weight pubertal boys: a 3-year follow-up of the Kitakata Kids Health Study

 

Normal-weight population (study population)

Followed-up population

Dropped-out population

P values for differencea

Girls

Boys

Girls

Boys

Girls

Boys

Girls

Boys

(N = 68)

(N = 87)

(N = 99)

(N = 119)

(N = 20)

(N = 17)

Age (years)

11.1 ± 0.9

11.2 ± 0.9

11.1 ± 0.9

11.2 ± 0.9

11.3 ± 0.8

11.3 ± 0.7

ns

ns

Height (cm)

145 ± 8

144 ± 10

145 ± 9

143 ± 10

146 ± 9

140 ± 9

ns

ns

Weight (kg)

37 ± 7

36 ± 7

39 ± 9

39 ± 10

41 ± 13

34 ± 10

ns

ns

Body mass index (kg/m2)

18 ± 2

17 ± 1

18 ± 3

19 ± 4

19 ± 4

17 ± 4

ns

ns

Waist circumference (cm)

64 ± 5

63 ± 5

66 ± 8

66 ± 10

66 ± 12

62 ± 10

ns

ns

Overweightb, N (%)

N/A

N/A

19 (19)

25 (21)

3 (15)

3 (18)

ns

ns

Underweightb, N (%)

N/A

N/A

12 (12)

7 (6)

4 (20)

4 (24)

ns

0.01

SBP (mmHg)

98 ± 10

97 ± 9

100 ± 11

99 ± 10

101 ± 12

93 ± 10

ns

0.04

DBP (mmHg)

53 ± 7

50 ± 6

54 ± 7

51 ± 7

53 ± 9

50 ± 6

ns

ns

Pubic hair appearance, N (%)

28 (41)

16 (18)

43 (43)

22 (18)

10 (50)

1 (6)

ns

ns

Total energy intake (kcal/day)

2056 ± 323

2179 ± 498

2058 ± 363

2208 ± 465

1978 ± 319

2133 ± 384

ns

ns

Carbohydrate intake (g/day)

249 ± 49

268 ± 90

249 ± 54

271 ± 84

241 ± 64

260 ± 56

ns

ns

Protein intake (g/day)

92 ± 15

97 ± 21

91 ± 17

99 ± 20

92 ± 12

97 ± 19

ns

ns

Lipid intake (g/day)

80 ± 15

83 ± 14

80 ± 16

84 ± 14

74 ± 12

81 ± 17

ns

ns

Salt intake (g/day)

11 ± 2

11 ± 2

11 ± 2

11 ± 2

12 ± 2

12 ± 2

ns

ns

Exercise (e.g., jogging or sports), N (%)

ns

ns

 < 1 h/day

40 (59)

35 (40)

59 (60)

52 (44)

13 (65)

6 (35)

 ≥ 1 and < 1.5 h/day

24 (35)

41 (47)

32 (32)

54 (45)

7 (35)

8 (47)

 ≥ 1.5 h/day

4 (6)

11 (13)

8 (8)

13 (11)

0 (0)

3 (18)

Sedentary behavior (e.g., media use), N (%)

ns

ns

 < 1 h/day

12 (18)

12 (14)

16 (16)

15 (13)

4 (20)

3 (18)

 ≥ 1 and < 2 h/day

27 (40)

35 (40)

39 (39)

46 (39)

11 (55)

6 (35)

 ≥ 2 h/day

29 (43)

40 (46)

44 (44)

58 (49)

5 (25)

8 (47)

Trunk fat (kg)

2.7 ± 1.0

2.0 ± 0.7

3.0 ± 1.6

2.7 ± 1.9

3.5 ± 2.8

2.2 ± 1.9

ns

ns

Arm fat (kg)

1.2 ± 0.4

0.9 ± 0.3

1.3 ± 0.6

1.2 ± 0.8

1.5 ± 1.0

1.0 ± 0.7

ns

ns

Leg fat (kg)

3.8 ± 1.1

2.9 ± 1.0

4.0 ± 1.6

3.5 ± 2.0

4.4 ± 2.2

2.8 ± 1.9

ns

ns

Whole body fat (kg)

8.4 ± 2.6

6.6 ± 2.0

9.1 ± 3.8

8.3 ± 4.6

10.1 ± 6.0

6.8 ± 4.6

ns

ns

Whole body fat percentage (%)

22.0 ± 4.1

18.1 ± 4.8

22.7 ± 5.5

20.4 ± 7.1

23.6 ± 5.7

18.8 ± 7.4

ns

ns

TAR

0.53 ± 0.07

0.53 ± 0.08

0.56 ± 0.08

0.55 ± 0.09

0.56 ± 0.11

0.56 ± 0.10

ns

ns

TLR

0.70 ± 0.10

0.70 ± 0.11

0.74 ± 0.12

0.74 ± 0.15

0.74 ± 0.17

0.76 ± 0.15

ns

ns

  1. N number, ns not significant, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, TAR trunk-to-appendicular fat ratio TLR trunk-to-leg fat ratio
  2. TAR was calculated as trunk fat divided by appendicular fat. TLR was calculated as trunk fat divided by leg fat. Values represent mean ± standard deviation, or N (percentage)
  3. aP value calculated from the unpaired t-test or Mann-Whitney U test to compare followed-up and dropped-out populations. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant
  4. bDetermined using age- and sex-specific body mass index cut-off points
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Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine

ISSN: 1347-4715

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