Association between metal cobalt exposure and the risk of congenital heart defect occurrence in offspring: a multi-hospital case-control study

Table 3 Descriptive statistics for placental tissue cobalt level in the case and control groups

	Tissue cobalt (ng/g)
	n	AM	5th p	25th p	Median	75th p	95th p	P value
Control	212	30.705	0.617	9.965	19.350	38.233	97.834
All cases	181	69.701	14.431	28.465	42.500	81.175	241.959	< 0.001***
Case with septal defects	124	71.953	13.550	29.660	45.230	85.458	239.226	< 0.001***
Case with conotruncal defects	96	65.971	12.883	26.450	38.960	77.843	244.043	< 0.001***
Case with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction	65	69.966	16.378	33.270	57.540	94.035	190.738	< 0.001***
Case with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction	29	61.630	12.880	29.575	36.260	73.260	241.515	0.001***
Case with anomalous pulmonary venous return	26	66.883	7.560	22.903	42.330	89.230	245.033	0.003**
Other heart defects	32	64.142	19.143	32.940	38.585	54.775	250.074	< 0.001***

n number; AM arithmetic means; 5th p, 95th p lead level in 5%, 95% percentiles respectively
*P < 0.05 or **P < 0.01, two-tailed test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney on nonparametric test compared to the control group

ISSN: 1347-4715