Association between metal cobalt exposure and the risk of congenital heart defect occurrence in offspring: a multi-hospital case-control study

Table 2 Descriptive statistics for hair cobalt level in the case and control groups

	Hair cobalt (ng/mg)
	n	AM	5th p	25th p	Median	75th p	95th p	P value
Control	326	0.045	0.007	0.013	0.023	0.040	0.174
All case	269	0.047	0.016	0.023	0.033	0.055	0.134	< 0.001***
Case with septal defects	183	0.047	0.016	0.023	0.0318	0.054	0.140	< 0.001***
Case with conotruncal defects	133	0.045	0.016	0.023	0.032	0.048	0.117	< 0.001***
Case with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction	123	0.045	0.017	0.027	0.034	0.054	0.122	< 0.001***
Case with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction	42	0.051	0.015	0.022	0.030	0.052	0.154	< 0.001***
Case with anomalous pulmonary venous return	42	0.086	0.013	0.025	0.032	0.099	0.326	0.001***
Other heart defects	48	0.045	0.014	0.022	0.034	0.060	0.115	0.001***

n number; AM arithmetic means; 5th p, 95th p lead level in 5%, 95% percentiles respectively
***P < 0.001, two-tailed test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney on nonparametric test compared to the control group

ISSN: 1347-4715