Table 3 Factors associated with mothers’ respiratory symptoms in Gondar city northwest Ethiopia, 2019
Variables | Respiratory symptom | COR 95% CI | AOR 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Absent | Present | |||
Educational level of mothers | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Unable to read and write | 56 | 65 | 1 | 1 |
 Read and write | 32 | 58 | 1.56(0.89–2.73) | 1.24(0.63–2.49) |
 Primary | 58 | 42 | 0.62(0.37–1.06) | 0.69(0.35–1.37) |
 Secondary | 141 | 112 | 068(0.44–1.06) | 0.57(0.32–1.02) |
 Graduate from vocational training | 22 | 8 | 0.31(0.13–0.75) | 0.26(0.08–0.82)* |
 Diploma and above | 110 | 74 | 0.51(0.36–0.92) | 0.55(0.29–1.05) |
Poor (dusty or smelly) working environment | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 403 | 319 | 1 | 1 |
 Yes | 24 | 46 | 2.44(1.45–4.05) | 2.90(1.39–6.08)* |
Fuel type usually used for cooking | ||||
 Charcoal | 237 | 242 | 1 | 1 |
 Electricity | 164 | 109 | 0.65(0.48–0.88) | 0.73(0.45–1.16) |
 Open fires | 26 | 14 | 0.53(0.26–1.03) | 0.37(0.16–0.85)* |
Fuel type usually used for heating | ||||
 None | 222 | 119 | 1 | 1 |
 Wood, coal | 201 | 239 | 2.22(1.66–2.97) | 1.17(0.76–1.81) |
 Electricity | 4 | 7 | 3.26(0.94–11.37) | 1.77(0.42–7.40) |
Mother contact with farm animals (e.g., cattle, sheep, or poultry) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 413 | 332 | 1 | 1 |
 Yes | 14 | 33 | 2.93(1.54–5.56) | 1.41(0.65–3.07) |
Painting/staining been done in the last 6 months HH | ||||
 No | 390 | 292 | 1 | 1 |
 Yes | 37 | 73 | 2.63(1.73–4.02) | 1.95(1.03–3.69)* |
New carpet, drapes, or other textiles in HH | ||||
 No | 39 | 288 | 1 | 1 |
 Yes | 33 | 77 | 3.19(2.07–4.93) | 2.02(1.08–3.77)* |
Pesticide use at HH | ||||
 No | 366 | 269 | 1 | 1 |
 Yes | 61 | 96 | 2.14(1.49–3.06) | 1.71(1.03–2.84)* |
Floor construction materials | ||||
 Wood and mud | 263 | 279 | 1 | 1 |
 Brick and concrete | 164 | 86 | 0.49(0.36–0.67) | 0.53(0.32–0.89)* |
Wall surface water-based paint | ||||
 No | 312 | 306 | 1 | 1 |
 Yes | 115 | 59 | 0.52(0.37–0.74) | 0.81(0.46–1.41) |
Damp stains | ||||
 No | 402 | 327 | 1 | 1 |
 Yes | 25 | 38 | 1.86 (1.10–3.16) | 2.45(1.04–5.75)* |
Open windows during cooking | ||||
 No | 207 | 255 | 1 | 1 |
 Yes | 138 | 76 | 0.44(0.32–0.62) | 0.71(0.45–1.13) |
Duration/length of time spending indoors | ||||
 < 6 h | 127 | 71 | 1 | 1 |
 6 to 11 h | 121 | 129 | 1.90(1.30–2.79) | 2.59(1.53–4.37)** |
 11 to 15 h | 65 | 100 | 2.75(1.79–4.21) | 3.47(1.87–6.43)** |
 > 15 h | 114 | 65 | 1.02(0.67–1.55) | 1.65(0.83–3.29) |
Presence of attached garage living less than 100 m HH | ||||
 No | 414 | 332 | 1 | 1 |
 Yes | 13 | 33 | 3.16(1.64–6.11) | 1.91(0.85–4.25) |
Trucks pass through the street where you live, on weekdays? | ||||
 Never | 255 | 142 | 1 | 1 |
 Seldom | 103 | 151 | 2.63(1.90–3.63) | 1.52 (0.94–2.44) |
 Frequently | 43 | 50 | 2.08(1.32–.29) | 1.01(1.87–6.43) |
 Almost whole day | 26 | 22 | 1.51(0.83–2.77) | 0.66(0.83–3.29) |
Living less than 100 m from heavy traffic | ||||
 No | 366 | 264 | 1 | 1 |
 Yes | 61 | 101 | 2.29 (1.60–3.27) | 1.25(0.73–2.15) |
Living less than 100 m (unpaved roads/streets) | ||||
 No | 382 | 216 | 1 | 1 |
 Yes | 45 | 149 | 5.85(4.03–8.50) | 4.35(2.64–7.18)** |
Exposure to animal allergens in early childhood | ||||
 No | 415 | 339 | 1 | 1 |
 Yes | 12 | 26 | 2.65(1.32–5.33) | 0.51(0.13–1.98) |
Exposure to animal allergens in the present time | ||||
 No | 411 | 336 | 1 | 1 |
 Yes | 16 | 29 | 2.21(1.18–4.15) | 1.19(0.36–3.85) |