Table 3 Association between living arrangement and decline in functional capacity after three years for women (n = 1428)

 With spouse only

9/374 (2.4%)

1

1

1

1

 Living alone

9/124 (7.3%)

3.17 (1.23–8.19)

1.49 (0.56–3.99)

1.68 (0.62–4.56)

1.64 (0.60–4.47)

 With child and his/her spouse

35/400 (8.8%)

3.89 (1.84–8.21)

2.47 (1.14–5.33)

2.41 (1.10–5.28)

2.25 (0.98–5.18)

 With child without his/her spouse

16/333 (4.8%)

2.05 (0.89–4.70)

1.20 (0.51–2.87)

1.02 (0.42–2.50)

1.05 (0.42–2.60)

 With other family/person

15/197 (7.6%)

3.34 (1.44–7.78)

2.41 (1.00–5.79)

2.36 (0.96–5.83)

2.27 (0.89–5.78)

 Continuous

-

1.21 (1.16–1.26)

1.21 (1.16–1.27)

1.20 (1.15–1.26)

 ≥ 10

30/839 (3.6%)

1

1

 < 10

54/589 (9.2%)

2.19 (1.33–3.61)

2.21 (1.34–3.66)

 No

76/1228 (6.2%)

1

1

 Yes

8/200 (4.0%)

0.89 (0.41–1.96)

0.90 (0.41–2.00)

 No

83/1414 (5.9%)

1

1

 Yes

1/14 (7.1%)

1.20 (0.13–11.25)

1.40 (0.15–13.06)

 No

60/1219 (4.9%)

1

1

 Yes

24/209 (11.5%)

2.70 (1.56–4.67)

2.78 (1.60–4.83)

 Normal (< 2 points)

61/1244 (4.9%)

1

1

 Have depressive symptoms (≥ 2 points)

23/184 (12.5%)

2.81 (1.57–5.01)

2.61 (1.44–4.72)

 Mainly do

50/1174 (4.3%)

1

 Not mainly do

34/254 (13.4%)

1.32 (0.75–2.34)

 Yes

66/1222 (5.4%)

1

 No

18/206 (8.7%)

1.10 (0.59–2.04)

 Frequent

79/1386 (5.7%)

1

 Not frequent

5/42 (11.9%)

3.37 (1.14–9.96)