Table 2 Association between living arrangement and decline in functional capacity after three years for men (n = 1199)

 With spouse only

19/370 (5.1%)

1

1

1

1

 Living alone

4/41 (9.8%)

2.00 (0.65–6.18)

1.56 (0.49–5.00)

1.30 (0.40–4.27)

1.85 (0.51–6.72)

 With child and his/her spouse

20/349 (5.7%)

1.12 (0.59–2.14)

0.97 (0.50–1.88)

0.85 (0.44–1.68)

0.89 (0.45–1.76)

 With child without his/her spouse

13/279 (4.7%)

0.90 (0.44–1.86)

0.99 (0.47–2.06)

0.88 (0.42–1.86)

0.93 (0.44–1.98)

 With other family/person

13/160 (8.1%)

1.63 (0.79–3.39)

1.84 (0.87–3.88)

1.61 (0.75–3.47)

1.65 (0.76–3.58)

 Continuous

-

1.13 (1.09–1.18)

1.11 (1.06–1.16)

1.11 (1.06–1.17)

 ≥ 10

25/691 (3.6%)

1

1

 < 10

44/508 (8.7%)

1.83 (1.05–3.17)

1.85 (1.06–3.23)

 No

37/391 (9.5%)

1

1

 Yes

32/808 (4.0%)

0.48 (0.29–0.80)

0.49 (0.29–0.82)

 No

58/1012 (5.7%)

1

1

 Yes

11/187 (5.9%)

1.52 (0.76–3.06)

1.37 (0.67–2.78)

 No

48/874 (5.5%)

1

1

 Yes

21/325 (6.5%)

1.12 (0.64–1.97)

1.06 (0.60–1.88)

 Normal (< 2 points)

53/1059 (5.0%)

1

1

 Have depressive symptoms (≥ 2 points)

16/140 (11.4%)

2.40 (1.28–4.50)

2.08 (1.09–3.98)

 Mainly do

13/289 (4.5%)

1

 Not mainly do

56/910 (6.2%)

1.74 (0.85–3.56)

 Yes

57/1109 (5.1%)

1

 No

12/90 (13.3%)

1.27 (0.60–2.70)

 Frequent

60/1145 (5.2%)

1

 Not frequent

9/54 (16.7%)

3.27 (1.41–7.61)