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Table 3 Hazard ratios of the cumulative incidence rate of colorectal cancer according to the progression of metabolic syndrome in men

From: The relationship between metabolic syndrome and the incidence of colorectal cancer

Characteristics

Category

HR (95% CI)

Non–Adjusted

aModel 1

bModel 2

cModel 3

dModel 4

eModel 5

Metabolic syndrome

(MetS) stage

Normal

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref

Pre-MetS

1.50 (1.43 1.57)

1.24 (1.19 1.30)

1.22 (1.17 1.28)

1.26 (1.19 1.34)

1.24 (1.17 1.32)

1.25 (1.17 1.33)

MetS

2.16 (2.06 2.28)

1.58 (1.50 1.66)

1.54 (1.46 1.62)

1.59 (1.49 1.70)

1.54 (1.43 1.65)

1.54 (1.43 1.65)

Age

30–39

 

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

40–49

 

1.86 (1.53 2.26)

1.85

(1.52

2.26)

1.88

(1.48

2.39)

1.88

(1.48

2.40)

1.88

(1.48

2.40)

50–59

 

5.36 (4.42 6.52)

5.35 (4.39 6.51)

5.31 (4.19 6.73)

5.31 (4.20 6.74)

5.35 (4.22 6.79)

60

 

12.49 (10.29 15.16)

12.48 (10.26 15.18)

12.48 (9.85 15.80)

12.52 (9.87 15.89)

12.67 (10.00 16.06)

Smoking

Non-smoker

  

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ex-smoker

  

1.05 (1.00 1.10)

1.07 (1.01 1.13)

1.07 (1.01 1.13)

1.07 (1.01 1.13)

Smoker

  

1.17 (1.12 1.22)

1.19 (1.13 1.26)

1.19 (1.13 1.26)

1.19 (1.13 1.25)

Alcohol consumption

No drink

  

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

2–3/per month

  

1.15 (1.01 1.10)

1.05 (1.00 1.10)

1.05 (1.00 1.11)

1.05 (1.00 1.11)

1–4/per week

  

1.19 (1.13 1.25)

1.16 (1.09 1.24)

1.16 (1.10 1.24)

1.16 (1.10 1.24)

5/per week

  

1.38 (1.29 1.47)

1.40 (1.29 1.51)

1.39 (1.29 1.51)

1.39 (1.29 1.51)

Physical exercise, per week

No exercise

  

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

1–4/per week

  

0.97 (0.93 1.02)

0.97 (0.97 1.02)

0.97 (0.92 1.03)

0.97 (0.92 1.03)

5/per week

  

0.97 (0.94 1.01)

0.98 (0.94 1.03)

0.99 (0.94 1.04)

0.99 (0.94 1.04)

FHx of cancer

No

   

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Yes

   

0.99 (0.93 1.05)

0.99 (0.93 1.05)

0.99 (0.93 1.04)

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

> 12

    

Ref

Ref

10–12

    

1.24 (0.97 1.60)

1.24 (0.97 1.59)

< 10

    

2.03 (1.24 3.30)

2.02 (1.24 3.30)

Serum creatinine

(mg/dL)

≤ 1.5

    

Ref

Ref

> 1.5

    

0.92 (0.84 1.02)

0.92 (0.84 1.02)

fTotal cholesterol (mg/dL)

     

1.02 (1.01 1.03)

1.02 (1.01 1.03)

fALT (IU/L)

     

1.01 (1.00 1.02)

1.01 (1.00 1.02)

Height (cm)

< 167

    

Ref

 

167–171

    

0.98 (0.93 1.04)

 

172-174

    

0.95 (0.89 1.01)

 

≥ 175

    

0.97 (0.90 1.05)

 

Weight (kg)

< 64

    

Ref

 

64–69

    

1.00 (0.94 1.05)

 

70–76

    

0.97 (0.91 1.03)

 

≥77

    

1.05 (0.98 1.13)

 

BMI

(kg/m2)

< 18.5

     

1.11 (0.94 1.32)

18.5–22.9

     

Ref.

23.0–24.9

     

0.98 (0.93 1.03)

25.0–29.9

     

1.00 (0.95 1.06)

≥ 30.0

     

1.16 (1.04 1.30)

  1. Values are presented as β (95% confidence interval)
  2. MetS metabolic syndrome, Ref reference, FHx family history, ALT alanine aminotransferase, BMI body mass index
  3. aModel 1: adjusted for age
  4. bModel 2: adjusted for age, smoking, alcohol consumption, and exercise
  5. cModel 3: adjusted for age, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, FHx of cancer
  6. dModel 4: adjusted for age, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, FHx of cancer, hemoglobin, serum creatinine, total cholesterol and ALT, hight, weight
  7. eModel 5: adjusted for age, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, FHx of cancer, hemoglobin, serum creatinine, total cholesterol and ALT, BMI
  8. fTotal cholesterol, fALT: These continuous variables were analyzed by increasing 10 units in the original data to improve the readability of the hazard ratio analysis
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Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine

ISSN: 1347-4715

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