Table 1 Cumulative incidence rate and incidence density of colorectal cancer according to the progression of metabolic syndrome in men

841,887

2,037,811

816,225

3,695,923

2174

7858

4517

14,549

2.6

3.9

5.5

3.9

2.8

4.2

6.0

4.2

Age

52,090

78,689

19,451

150,230

31

62

11

104

0.6

0.8

0.6

< 0.001

0.7

< 0.001

0.6

0.8

0.6

< 0.001

0.7

< 0.001

40–49

403,228

802,049

267,504

1,472,781

457

1066

422

1945

1.1

1.3

1.6

< 0.001

1.3

1.2

1.4

1.7

< 0.001

1.4

50–59

259,358

695,206

294,199

1,248,763

771

2722

1387

4880

3.0

3.9

4.7

< 0.001

3.9

3.2

4.2

5.1

< 0.001

4.2

60–69

127,211

461,867

235,071

824,149

915

4008

2697

7620

7.2

8.7

11.5

< 0.001

9.2

7.8

9.4

12.5

< 0.001

10.0

Smoking

254,976

551,062

198,274

1,004,312

599

1998

1098

3695

2.3

3.6

5.5

< 0.001

3.7

<0.001

2.5

3.9

6.0

< 0.001

4.0

< 0.001

Ex-smoker

191,807

502,695

209,573

904,075

506

2112

1330

3948

2.6

4.2

6.3

< 0.001

4.4

2.8

4.5

6.8

< 0.001

4.7

Smoker

390,833

975,701

405,252

1,771,786

1061

3718

2076

6855

2.7

3.8

5.1

< 0.001

3.9

2.9

4.1

5.6

< 0.001

4.2

Alcohol consumption

266,110

561,954

205,282

1,033,346

722

2099

1121

3942

2.7

3.7

5.5

< 0.001

3.8

< 0.001

2.9

4.0

5.9

< 0.001

4.1

< 0.001

2–3/per month

435,666

1,015,825

391,247

1,842,738

965

3469

1882

6316

2.2

3.4

4.8

< 0.001

3.4

2.4

3.7

5.2

< 0.001

3.7

1–4/per week

100,885

330,563

157,013

588,461

309

1479

984

2772

3.1

4.5

6.3

< 0.001

4.7

3.3

4.8

6.8

< 0.001

5.1

5/per week

29,429

110,628

56,183

196,240

149

745

503

1397

5.1

6.7

9.0

< 0.001

7.1

5.5

7.3

9.8

< 0.001

7.7

Physical exercise,

per week

343,189

841,263

346,095

1,530,547

897

3244

1948

6089

2.6

3.9

5.6

< 0.001

4.0

< 0.001

2.8

4.2

6.1

< 0.001

4.3

< 0.001

1–4/per week

177,100

419,415

167,585

764,100

452

1489

854

2795

2.6

3.6

5.1

< 0.001

3.7

2.7

3.8

5.5

< 0.001

3.9

5/per week

314,767

762,500

297,226

1,374,493

807

3072

1694

5573

2.6

4.0

5.7

< 0.001

4.1

2.7

4.3

6.2

< 0.001

4.4

FHx of cancer

494,125

1,199,780

486,757

2,180,662

1,176

4376

2520

8072

2.4

3.6

5.2

< 0.001

3.7

< 0.001

2.6

3.9

5.6

< 0.001

4.0

< 0.001

Yes

95,222

217,852

83,206

396,280

234

816

467

1517

2.5

3.7

5.6

< 0.001

3.8

2.6

4.0

6.1

< 0.001

4.1

Height

(cm)

239,064

636,453

236,248

1,111,765

822

3205

1723

5750

3.4

5.0

7.3

< 0.001

5.2

< 0.001

3.7

5.4

7.2

< 0.001

5.6

< 0.001

167–171

220,547

534,838

209,648

965,033

588

2131

1193

3912

2.7

4.0

5.7

< 0.001

4.1

2.9

4.3

5.6

< 0.001

4.4

172-174

204,006

469,535

192,522

866,063

435

1485

950

2870

2.1

3.2

4.9

< 0.001

3.3

2.3

3.4

4.8

< 0.001

3.6

≥ 175

178,270

396,985

177,807

753,062

329

1037

651

2017

1.8

2.6

3.7

< 0.001

2.7

2.0

2.8

3.6

< 0.001

2.9

Weight

(kg)

372,420

572,899

83,536

1,028,855

1,106

2,672

646

4,424

3.0

4.7

7.7

< 0.001

4.3

< 0.001

3.2

5.0

8.5

< 0.001

4.6

< 0.001

64-69

235,461

530,335

128,262

894,058

555

2157

871

3583

2.4

4.1

6.8

< 0.001

4.0

2.5

4.4

7.4

< 0.001

4.3

70–76

171,877

534,264

213,956

920,097

397

1852

1277

3526

2.3

3.5

6.0

< 0.001

3.8

2.5

3.7

6.4

< 0.001

4.1

≥ 77

62,129

400,313

390,471

852,913

116

1177

1723

3016

1.9

2.9

4.4

< 0.001

3.5

2.0

3.2

4.8

< 0.001

3.8

BMI

(kg/m²)

33,171

29,275

1,844

64,290

76

144

21

241

2.3

4.9

11.4

< 0.001

3.7

< 0.001

2.5

5.4

13.1

< 0.001

4.1

< 0.001

18.5–22.9

445,140

656,729

83,735

1,185,604

1,138

2617

572

4327

2.6

4.0

6.8

< 0.001

3.6

2.7

4.3

7.4

< 0.001

3.9

23.0–24.9

234,677

621,458

159,332

1,015,467

631

2384

977

3992

2.7

3.8

6.1

< 0.001

3.9

2.9

4.1

6.6

< 0.001

4.2

25.0–29.9

128,038

690,021

477,677

1,295,736

327

2580

2537

5444

2.6

3.7

5.3

< 0.001

4.2

2.7

4.0

5.7

< 0.001

4.5

≥ 30.0

861

40,328

93,637

134,826

2

133

410

545

2.3

3.3

4.4

< 0.001

4.0

2.5

3.6

4.7

< 0.001

4.4

Total cholesterol

(mg/dL)

< 173

287,648

499,111

154,244

941,003

650

1819

886

3355

2.3

3.6

5.7

< 0.001

3.6

< 0.001

2.4

3.9

6.2

< 0.001

3.8

< 0.001

173–194

239,234

504,393

176,051

919,678

615

1886

961

3462

2.6

3.7

5.5

< 0.001

3.8

2.8

4.0

5.9

< 0.001

4.1

195–218

189,771

516,797

210,313

916,881

530

2,044

1,159

3,733

2.8

4.0

5.5

< 0.001

4.1

3.0

4.3

6.0

< 0.001

4.4

≥ 219

125,234

517,510

275,617

918,361

379

2,109

1,511

3,999

3.0

4.1

5.5

< 0.001

4.4

3.3

4.4

5.9

< 0.001

4.7

ALT

(IU/L)

< 18

354,952

530,427

94,775

980,154

880

2,154

628

3,662

2.5

4.1

6.6

< 0.001

3.7

< 0.001

2.7

4.4

7.2

< 0.001

4.0

< 0.001

18–24

241,797

549,667

159,960

951,424

648

2,144

948

3,740

2.7

3.9

5.9

< 0.001

3.9

2.9

4.2

6.4

< 0.001

4.2

25–35

154,775

500,574

221,678

877,027

417

1967

1277

3661

2.7

3.9

5.8

< 0.001

4.2

2.9

4.2

6.2

< 0.001

4.5

≥ 36

90,363

457,143

339,812

887,318

229

1593

1664

3486

2.5

3.5

4.9

< 0.001

3.9

2.7

3.8

5.3

< 0.001

4.2

Hemoglobin

(g/dL)

> 12

836,812

2,025,415

811,497

3,673,724

2,153

7,772

4,476

14,401

2.6

3.8

5.5

< 0.001

3.9

< 0.001

2.8

4.1

6.0

< 0.001

4.2

< 0.001

10–12

4,173

9,967

3,769

17,909

15

64

31

110

3.6

6.4

8.2

< 0.001

6.1

3.9

7.2

9.4

< 0.001

6.9

< 10

624

1,624

623

2,871

5

17

6

28

8.0

10.5

9.6

< 0.001

9.8

8.8

11.9

11.2

< 0.001

11.1

Serum creatinine

(mg/dL)

≤ 1.5

815,023

1,962,815

783,300

3,561,138

2,112

7599

4339

14,050

2.6

3.9

5.5

< 0.001

3.9

< 0.001

2.8

4.2

6.0

< 0.001

4.3

< 0.001

> 1.5

26,813

74,886

32,883

134,582

61

259

178

498

2.3

3.5

5.4

< 0.001

3.7

2.4

3.7

5.8

< 0.001

4.0