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Table 2 Risk for functional decline in 5 years by engagement in leisure activity

From: The interaction effect between physical and cultural leisure activities on the subsequent decline of instrumental ADL: the Fujiwara-kyo study

 

Risk

Risk ratio

(95% CI)

P value

Adjusted risk ratio

(95% CI)

P value

IADL (n = 3241)

     

 Leisure physical activity

     

  Without (n = 1349)

0.130

1

 

1

 

  With (n = 1892)

0.085

0.65 (0.53 to 0.79)

< 0.001

0.73 (0.60 to 0.89)*

0.002

 Cultural leisure activity

     

  Without (n = 1595)

0.123

1

 

1

 

  With (n = 1646)

0.085

0.69 (0.56 to 0.85)

< 0.001

0.77 (0.63 to 0.95)†

0.015

Intellectual activity (n = 3388)

     

 Leisure physical activity

     

  Without (n = 1400)

0.090

1

 

1

 

  With (n = 1988)

0.070

0.78 (0.62 to 0.98)

0.030

0.88 (0.70 to 1.11)*

0.29

 Cultural leisure activity

     

  Without (n = 1671)

0.093

1

 

1

 

  With (n = 1717)

0.065

0.70 (0.56 to 0.89)

0.003

0.82 (0.64 to 1.04)†

0.10

Social role (n = 3200)

     

 Leisure physical activity

     

  Without (n = 1324)

0.119

1

 

1

 

  With (n = 1876)

0.093

0.78 (0.64 to 0.96)

0.018

0.87 (0.71 to 1.06)‡

0.17

 Cultural leisure activity

     

  Without (n = 1569)

0.120

1

 

1

 

  With (n = 1631)

0.088

0.73 (0.60 to 0.90)

0.003

0.85 (0.70 to 1.05)⁋

0.14

  1. IADL instrumental activities of daily living, CI confidence interval
  2. *Adjusted for engagement in cultural leisure activity, baseline functional capacity (instrumental ADL or intellectual activity or social role), and potential confounders such as age, gender, BMI, smoking habit, ethanol intake, history of cancer cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, living alone, depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, and participation to social activity
  3. Adjusted for engagement in leisure physical activity, baseline functional capacity (instrumental ADL or intellectual activity or social role), and all potential confounders
  4. Adjusted for engagement in cultural leisure activity, baseline functional capacity, and potential confounders except for participation to social activity
  5. Adjusted for engagement in leisure physical activity, baseline functional capacity, and potential confounders except for participation to social activity