Intact IADL | IADL decline | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
n = 2905 | n = 336 | ||
Age, mean (SD) | 71.7 (4.7) | 75.7 (6.0) | < 0.001 |
Men, n (%) | 1343 (46.2) | 194 (57.7) | < 0.001 |
Obesity (BMI > 25), n (%) | 631 (21.8) | 67 (20.0) | 0.45 |
Lean (BMI < 18.5), n (%) | 169 (5.8) | 38 (11.3) | < 0.001 |
Never smoker, n (%) | 1786 (61.6) | 169 (50.4) | < 0.001 |
Non-drinker, n (%) | 1801 (62.8) | 204 (61.4) | 0.63 |
Comorbidity, n (%) | |||
Cancer | 265 (9.1) | 51 (15.2) | < 0.001 |
Stroke | 142 (4.9) | 21 (6.3) | 0.28 |
Myocardial infarction | 68 (2.3) | 8 (2.4) | 0.97 |
Diabetes | 286 (9.9) | 44 (13.1) | 0.06 |
Hypertension | 1104 (38.1) | 148 (44.0) | 0.034 |
Cognitive impairment, n (%)* | 80 (2.8) | 33 (9.9) | < 0.001 |
Depressive symptoms, n (%)† | 362 (12.8) | 63 (19.0) | 0.002 |
Education (≥ 16 years), n (%) | 2146 (74.4) | 220 (66.3) | 0.001 |
Social participation, n (%)‡ | 2435 (84.8) | 283 (85.5) | 0.74 |
Living alone, n (%) | 41 (1.4) | 2 (0.6) | 0.22 |
Physical leisure activity, n (%) | 1732 (59.6) | 160 (47.6) | < 0.001 |
Cultural leisure activity, n (%) | 1506 (51.8) | 140 (41.7) | < 0.001 |
Both leisure activity, n (%)⁋ | 991 (34.1) | 69 (20.5) | < 0.001 |